Volume 11, Number 6—June 2005
Research
Global Spread of Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium from Distinct Nosocomial Genetic Complex
Rob J.L. Willems*
, Janetta Top*, Marga van Santen†, D. Ashley Robinson‡, Teresa M. Coque§, Fernando Baquero§, Hajo Grundmann†, and Marc J.M. Bonten*
, Janetta Top*, Marga van Santen†, D. Ashley Robinson‡, Teresa M. Coque§, Fernando Baquero§, Hajo Grundmann†, and Marc J.M. Bonten*Table 1
Frequency of ampicillin and glycopeptide resistance, the presence of the pathogenicity island (PAI), and log odds of all complex-17 and non–complex-17
| Epidemiologic source | Genetic and phenotypic features* |
||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Complex-17 |
Other† |
Complex-17 |
Other† |
Complex-17 |
Other† |
Complex-17‡ | Other†‡ | Log odds§ | |||||||
| AmR | AmS | AmR | AmS | PAI+ | PAI– | PAI+ | PAI– | VanR | VanS | VanR | VanS | ||||
| Animal surveillance (n = 96), % | 1 | 0 | 2 | 93 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 94 | 0 | 1 | 43 | 52 | 1 [1] | 95 [99] | –4.55 |
| Community surveillance (n = 57), % | 0 | 0 | 1 | 46 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 47 | 3 | 0 | 17 | 37 | 3 [5] | 54 [95] | –2.89 |
| Hospital surveillance (n = 64), % | 14 | 0 | 7 | 40 | 7 | 8 | 0 | 49 | 13 | 2 | 32 | 17 | 15 [23] | 49 [77] | –1.18 |
| Clinical (n = 162), % | 85 | 2 | 13 | 47 | 47 | 47 | 4 | 57 | 21 | 73 | 22 | 45 | 95 [59] | 67 [51 | 0.35 |
| Hospital outbreak (n = 32), % | 26 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 20 | 6 | 3 | 1 | 24 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 28 [88] | 4 [12] | 1.95 |
*Ampicillin resistant (AmR) or susceptible (AmS) not determined in 30 isolates, PAI present (PAI+) or absent (PA–) not determined in 17 isolates, vancomycin resistant (VanR) or susceptible (VanS) not determined in 1 isolate.
†Not belonging to complex-17.
‡Numbers in brackets refer to the percentage of isolates that belong to the complex.
§The natural logarithm of the proportion of samples from an epidemiologic source belonging to complex-17.
