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Volume 11, Number 7—July 2005
Research

Risk Factors for Pediatric Invasive Group A Streptococcal Disease

Stephanie H. Factor*†Comments to Author , Orin S. Levine*, Lee H. Harrison‡, Monica M. Farley§, Allison McGeer¶, Tami H. Skoff*, Carolyn Wright*, Benjamin Schwartz*, and Anne Schuchat*
Author affiliations: *Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; †New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, New York, USA; ‡Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; §Emory University School of Medicine and the VA Medical Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; ¶Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Main Article

Table 2

Individual and multivariable analysis for risk factors for invasive group A streptococcal disease among case-patients and controls*

Variable Case-patients (N = 38) (%) Controls (N = 78) (%) Individual analysis
Multivariable analysis
OR (95% CI) p value OR (95% CI) p value
No. persons in home (mean) 4.42 4.02 1.28 (.91–1.78)† 0.15
Live in single-family home 23 (62) 59 (76) 0.49 (0.21–1.16) 0.11
No. rooms in home (mean) 6.39 7.27 0.81 (0.66–0.99)‡ 0.04 0.67 (0.51–0.88)‡ 0.03
No. smokers in home
0 21 (57) 53 (68) 1.43 (0.87–2.32)§ 0.16
1 9 (24) 16 (21)
2 6 (16) 7 (9)
3 1 (3) 2 (3)
Primary caretaker is a smoker 11 (30) 13 (17) 2.71 (1.02–7.21) .05
≥1 other child <18 years living in the home 33 (87) 43 (56) 5.76 (1.95–16.96) .002 16.85 (3.90–72.84) 0.0002
≥1 other person in the household with a cough 4 (11) 17 (22) 0.40 (0.12–1.32) 0.13
≥1 other person in the household with a runny nose 4 (11) 26 (34) 0.25 (0.08–0.80) 0.02 0.09 (0.01–0.40) 0.002
HIV-positive 1 (3) 0 Undefined 0.99
Eczema 8 (21) 16 (21) 0.99 (0.38–2.64) 0.99
Varicella-zoster virus infection 3 (8) 0 Undefined 0.99
Vaccinated with varicella-zoster virus vaccine 12 (46) 26 (47) 0.93 (0.36–2.40) 0.88
New use of NSAIDs 9 (24) 7 (9) 3.15 (1.07–9.29) 0.04 10.64 (2.08–54.61) 0.005
Use of corticosteroids 1 (3) 2 (3) 0.93 (0.08–11.02) 0.95
Parent/guardian education
Some HS 4 (11) 3 (4) 0.69 (0.51–0.91) 0.01
HS graduate or GED 12 (32) 13 (17)
Technical school 2 (5) 5 (6)
Some college 10 (26) 23 (29)
College graduate 7 (18) 23 (29)
Postgraduate study or professional 2 (5) 10 (13)
Household income
<$15,000 7 (21) 2 (3) 0.70 (0.48–1.01) 0.06
$15,001–$30,000 8 (24) 11 (18)
$30,001–$45,000 4 (12) 13 (22)
$45,001–$60,000 6 (18) 17 (28)
≥$60,001 9 (26) 17 (28)
Ever breastfed¶ 0 12 (71) 0 (Undefined) 1.00

*Data were not available for all variables for all case-patients and controls. Analyses controlled for race and sex. OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; NSAID, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug; HS, high school; GED, general equivalency diploma.
†Increase in risk with each additional person living in home. Persons living in the home were evaluated as a continuous variable in conditional logistic regression.
‡Decrease in risk with each additional room in home. Rooms were evaluated as a continuous variable in conditional logistic regression.
§Increase in risk with each additional smoker in home. Smokers in the home were evaluated as a continuous variable in conditional logistic regression.
¶Question asked only of children <2 years of age; 8 case-patients and 17 controls were <2 years. Because none of the case-patients were breastfed, the calculated OR = 0, and the confidence interval is not defined.

Main Article

Page created: April 23, 2012
Page updated: April 23, 2012
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