Volume 12, Number 5—May 2006
THEME ISSUE
Tuberculosis Special Section
Research
Tuberculosis Transmission Attributable to Close Contacts and HIV Status, Malawi
Amelia C. Crampin*†, Judith R. Glynn*
, Hamidou Traore*, Malcolm D. Yates‡, Lorren Mwaungulu†, Michael Mwenebabu†, Steven D. Chaguluka†, Sian Floyd*, Francis Drobniewski‡, and Paul E.M. Fine*
, Hamidou Traore*, Malcolm D. Yates‡, Lorren Mwaungulu†, Michael Mwenebabu†, Steven D. Chaguluka†, Sian Floyd*, Francis Drobniewski‡, and Paul E.M. Fine*Table 2
Probability of transmission from a smear-positive putative source contact (PSC) being confirmed by restriction fragment length polymorphism, according to characteristics of case and PSC
| Characteristic | Confirmed/ total pairs (%) | p | Odds ratio, 95% confidence interval (adjusted for closeness of contact) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Closeness of contact | ||||
| Same household | 22/50 (44.0) | 3.6 (1.4–9.3) | ||
| Close family, not household | 17/38 (44.7) | 3.5 (1.5–8.6) | ||
| Other | 10/55 (18.2) | 0.006 | Referent | |
| Time between diagnosis of disease in PSC and case-patient (mo) | ||||
| <12 | 21/62 (33.9) | Referent | ||
| 12–23 | 13/36 (36.1) | 1.1 (0.44–2.6) | ||
| >24 | 15/45 (33.3) | 1.0 | 0.88 (0.37–2.1) | |
| Age of case-patient (y) | ||||
| <30 | 20/53 (37.7) | Referent | ||
| 30–44 | 23/67 (34.3) | 0.72 (0.32–1.6) | ||
| >45 | 6/23 (26.1) | 0.3 (trend) | 0.48 (0.17–1.3) | |
| Age of PSC (y) | ||||
| <30 | 20/49 (40.8) | Referent | ||
| 30–44 | 21/63 (33.3) | 0.93 (0.42–2.1) | ||
| >45 | 8/31 (25.8) | 0.2 (trend) | 0.59 (0.19–1.8) | |
| Sex of case-patient | ||||
| Female | 28/81 (34.6) | 0.9 | Referent | |
| Male | 21/62 (33.9) | 1.2 (0.56–2.4) | ||
| Sex of PSC | ||||
| Female | 33/75 (44.0) | 0.01 | Referent | |
| Male | 16/68 (23.5) | 0.46 (0.21–0.99) | ||
| HIV status of case-patient | ||||
| HIV negative | 16/37 (43.2) | 0.1 | Referent | |
| HIV positive | 19/67 (28.4) | 0.55 (0.23–1.3) | ||
| HIV status of PSC | ||||
| HIV negative | 27/59 (45.8) | 0.01 | Referent | |
| HIV positive | 15/62 (24.2) | 0.32 (0.14–0.74) | ||
| Drug resistance of PSC | ||||
| None | 42/129 (32.6) | 0.2 | Referent | |
| Isoniazid resistant | 7/14 (50.0) | 2.1 (0.66–6.8) | ||
| Smear positivity of PSC | ||||
| 1+ | 5/18 (27.8) | Referent | ||
| 2+ | 12/36 (33.3) | 0.94 (0.26–3.5) | ||
| 3+ | 12/43 (27.9) | 0.89 (0.25–3.2) | ||
| 4+ | 20/46 (43.5) | 0.4 | 1.6 (0.46–5.4) | |
