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Volume 14, Number 6—June 2008
Dispatch

Global Distribution of Novel Rhinovirus Genotype

Thomas Briese*Comments to Author , Neil Renwick*, Marietjie Venter†, Richard G. Jarman‡, Dhrubaa Ghosh§, Sophie Köndgen¶, Sanjaya K. Shrestha#, A. Mette Hoegh**, Inmaculada Casas††, Edgard Valerie Adjogoua‡‡, Chantal Akoua-Koffi‡‡, Khin Saw Myint‡, David T. Williams§§, Glenys R. Chidlow¶¶, Ria van den Berg†, Cristina Calvo##, Orienka Koch†, Gustavo Palacios*, Vishal Kapoor*, Joseph Villari*, Samuel R. Dominguez***, Kathryn V. Holmes***, Gerry Harnett¶¶, David W. Smith¶¶, John S. MacKenzie§§, Heinz Ellerbrok¶, Brunhilde Schweiger¶, Kristian Schønning**, Mandeep S. Chadha§, Fabian H. Leendertz¶, A.C. Mishra§, Robert V. Gibbons‡, Edward C. Holmes†††‡‡‡, and W. Ian Lipkin*
Author affiliations: *Columbia University, New York, New York, USA; †University of Pretoria/NHLS Tswhane Academic Division, Pretoria, South Africa; ‡Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand; §National Institute of Virology, Pune, India; ¶Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin, Germany; #Walter Reed AFRIMS Research Unit Nepal, Katmandu, Nepal; **Hvidovre University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark; ††Centro Nacional de Microbiologia, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain; ‡‡Institut Pasteur Côte d’Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire; §§Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; ¶¶PathWest Laboratory, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; ##Severo-Ochoa Hospital, Leganés, Madrid, Spain; ***University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA; †††Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA; ‡‡‡National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA;

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Figure

Phylogenetic analysis of VP4/2 coding region of viruses identified in association with acute respiratory illness (ARI) in South Africa, Côte d’Ivoire, Nepal, India, Western Australia, Denmark, and Spain (sequences deposited in GenBank under accession nos. EU697825–83). Phylogeny of VP4/2 nucleotide sequence (401 nt) was reconstructed by neighbor-joining analysis applying a Jukes-Cantor model; the scale bar indicates nucleotide substitutions per site. Included for reference are sequences belonging to the novel genotype identified in New York State (NY-003, –028, –041, –042, –060, and –074 [8]), similar viruses reported recently (QPM [11]; NAT01 and NAT045 [12]; and 024, 025, 026 [13]), and selected human rhinovirus A (HRV-A) serotypes (GenBank accession numbers for reference sequences are indicated in parentheses); HRV-B serotypes; human enterovirus C (HEV-C) viruses human coxsackievirus A1 and A24 (CV-A1, and CV-A24, respectively); human poliovirus 2 (PV-2); HEV-B viruses human echovirus 5 (E-5), human coxsackievirus B3 (CV-B3), and swine vesicular disease virus (CV-B5); HEV-D viruses human enterovirus 68 and 70 (EV-68, EV-70); porcine enterovirus B virus porcine enterovirus 9 (PEV-9); and HEV-A viruses human coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16) and human enterovirus 71 (EV-71). SA, South Africa; IC, Côte d’Ivoire; HC, Nepal; IN, India; AUS, Australia; DK, Denmark; SO, Spain.

Figure. Phylogenetic analysis of VP4/2 coding region of viruses identified in association with acute respiratory illness (ARI) in South Africa, Côte d’Ivoire, Nepal, India, Western Australia, Denmark, and Spain (sequences deposited in GenBank under accession nos. EU697825–83). Phylogeny of VP4/2 nucleotide sequence (401 nt) was reconstructed by neighbor-joining analysis applying a Jukes-Cantor model; the scale bar indicates nucleotide substitutions per site. Included for reference are sequences belonging to the novel genotype identified in New York State (NY-003, –028, –041, –042, –060, and –074 [8]), similar viruses reported recently (QPM [11]; NAT01 and NAT045 [12]; and 024, 025, 026 [13]), and selected human rhinovirus A (HRV-A) serotypes (GenBank accession numbers for reference sequences are indicated in parentheses); HRV-B serotypes; human enterovirus C (HEV-C) viruses human coxsackievirus A1 and A24 (CV-A1, and CV-A24, respectively); human poliovirus 2 (PV-2); HEV-B viruses human echovirus 5 (E-5), human coxsackievirus B3 (CV-B3), and swine vesicular disease virus (CV-B5); HEV-D viruses human enterovirus 68 and 70 (EV-68, EV-70); porcine enterovirus B virus porcine enterovirus 9 (PEV-9); and HEV-A viruses human coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16) and human enterovirus 71 (EV-71). SA, South Africa; IC, Côte d’Ivoire; HC, Nepal; IN, India; AUS, Australia; DK, Denmark; SO, Spain.

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