Skip directly to site content Skip directly to page options Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link
Volume 15, Number 1—January 2009
Research

Human Infection with Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus (H5N1) in Northern Vietnam, 2004–2005

Nguyen Duc Hien, Nguyen Hong Ha, Nguyen Tuong Van, Nguyen Thi Minh Ha, Trinh Thi Minh Lien, Nguyen Quoc Thai, Van Dinh Trang, Takuro ShimboComments to Author , Yoshimitsu Takahashi, Yasuyuki Kato, Akihiko Kawana, Samu Akita, and Koichiro Kudo
Author affiliations: National Institute of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Hanoi, Vietnam (N.D. Hien, N.H. Ha, N.T. Van, N.T.M. Ha, T.T.M. Lien, N.Q. Thai, V.D. Trang); International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, Japan (T. Shimbo, Y. Takahashi, Y. Kato, A. Kawana, S. Akita, K. Kudo)

Main Article

Table 3

Comparison of studies of influenza A virus (H5N1)–infected patients*

Author (reference)
Year
Patient age, y, mean ± SD
Leukocyte count, median, × 103/μL (IQR)
Hospitalization after disease onset, median, d (IQR)
Outcome
No. alive
No. died
Present study 2009 35.1 ± 14.4 7.2 (3.9–11.3) 6 (3.5–8) 22 7
Yuen at al (8). † 1998 17.6 ± 20.4 5.6 (2.47–10.7) 3 (2–4) 5 5
Tran et al. (4) 2004 13.7 ± 6.4 2.1 (1.9–2.8) 6 (5–7) 2 8
Chotpitayasunondh et al. (9) 2005 22.0 ± 21.4 4.43 (2.75–5.64) NR 4 8
Oner et al. (19) 2006 10.1 ± 4.0 3.8 (1.8–5.75) 6 (4–7) 4 4
Kandun et al. (20) 2007 15.4 ± 14.9 3.59 (2.605–6.3) 7 (5–7) 4 4
Buchy et al. (21) 2007 16.0 ± 9.9 4.2 (3.6–4.7) 6 (5–7) 0 6

*IQR, interquartile range; NR, not reported.
†Outcomes of 2 patients were not reported.

Main Article

References
  1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Isolation of avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses from humans—Hong Kong, May–December 1997. JAMA. 1998;279:2634. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Update: isolation of avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses from humans—Hong Kong, 1997–1998. JAMA. 1998;279:3478. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  3. Ku  AS, Chan  LT. The first case of H5N1 avian influenza infection in a human with complications of adult respiratory distress syndrome and Reye’s syndrome. J Paediatr Child Health. 1999;35:2079.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  4. Tran  TH, Nguyen  TL, Nguyen  TD, Luong  TS, Pham  PM, Nguyen  VC, Avian influenza A (H5N1) in 10 patients in Vietnam. N Engl J Med. 2004;350:117988. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  5. World Health Organization. Cumulative number of confirmed human cases of avian influenza A/(H5N1) reported to WHO, 2007. Geneva: The Organization [cited 2008 Oct 2]. Available from http://www.who.int/csr/disease/avian_influenza/country/cases_table_2007_09_10/en/index.html
  6. To  KF, Chan  PK, Chan  KF, Lee  WK, Lam  WY, Wong  KF, Pathology of fatal human infection associated with avian influenza A H5N1 virus. J Med Virol. 2001;63:2426. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  7. de Jong  MD, Simmons  CP, Thanh  TT, Hien  VM, Smith  GJ, Chau  TN, Fatal outcome of human influenza A (H5N1) is associated with high viral load and hypercytokinemia. Nat Med. 2006;12:12037. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  8. Yuen  KY, Chan  PK, Peiris  M, Tsang  DN, Que  TL, Shortridge  KF, Clinical features and rapid viral diagnosis of human disease associated with avian influenza A H5N1 virus. Lancet. 1998;351:46771. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  9. Chotpitayasunondh  T, Ungchusak  K, Hanshaoworakul  W, Chunsuthiwat  S, Sawanpanyalert  P, Kijphati  R, Human disease from influenza A (H5N1), Thailand, 2004. Emerg Infect Dis. 2005;11:2019.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  10. Beigel  JH, Farrar  J, Han  AM, Hayden  FG, Hyer  R, de Long  MD, Avian influenza A (H5N1) infection in humans. N Engl J Med. 2005;353:137485. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  11. Gubareva  LV, McCullers  JA, Bethell  RC, Webster  RG. Characterization of influenza A/HongKong/156/97 (H5N1) virus in a mouse model and protective effect of zanamivir on H5N1 infection in mice. J Infect Dis. 1998;178:15926. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  12. Leneva  IA, Roberts  N, Govorkova  EA, Goloubeva  OG, Webster  RG. The neuraminidase inhibitor GS4104 (oseltamivir phosphate) is efficacious against A/Hong Kong/156/97 (H5N1) and A/Hong Kong/1074/99 (H9N2) influenza viruses. Antiviral Res. 2000;48:10115. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  13. Leneva  IA, Goloubeva  O, Fenton  RJ, Tisdale  M, Webster  RG. Efficacy of zanamivir against avian influenza A viruses that possess genes encoding H5N1 internal proteins and are pathogenic in mammals. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2001;45:121624. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  14. Writing Committee of the Second World Health Organization Consultation on Clinical Aspects of Human Infection with Avian Influenza A (H5N1) Virus. Update on avian influenza A (H5N1) virus infection in humans. N Engl J Med. 2008;358:26173. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  15. Schunemann  HJ, Hill  SR, Kakad  M, Bellamy  R, Uyeki  TM, Hayden  FG, WHO Rapid Advice Guidelines for pharmacological management of sporadic human infection with avian influenza A (H5N1) virus. Lancet Infect Dis. 2007;7:2131. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  16. Mehta  CR, Patel  NR. Exact logistic regression: theory and examples. Stat Med. 1995;14:214360. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  17. Concato  J, Feinstein  AR, Holford  TR. The risk of determining risk with multivariable models. Ann Intern Med. 1993;118:20110.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  18. Peduzzi  P, Concato  J, Kemper  E, Holford  TR, Feinstein  AR. A simulation study of the number of events per variable in logistic regression analysis. J Clin Epidemiol. 1996;49:13739. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  19. Oner  AF, Arslan  S, Akdeniz  H, Sahin  HA, Cesur  Y, Epcacan  S, Avian influenza A (H5N1) infection in eastern Turkey in 2006. N Engl J Med. 2006;355:217985. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  20. Kandun  IN, Wibisono  H, Sedyaningsih  ER, Yusharmen, Hadisoedarsuno W, Purba W, et al. Three Indonesian clusters of H5N1 virus infection in 2005. N Engl J Med. 2006;355:218694. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  21. Buchy  P, Mardy  S, Vong  S, Toyoda  T, Aubin  JT, Miller  M, Influenza A/H5N1 virus infection in humans in Cambodia. J Clin Virol. 2007;39:1648. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  22. World Health Organization. Epidemiology of WHO-confirmed human cases of avian influenza A(H5N1) infection. Wkly Epidemiol Rec. 2006;81:24960.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  23. Govorkova  EA, Rehg  JE, Krauss  S, Yen  HL, Guan  Y, Peiris  M, Lethality to ferrets of H5N1 influenza viruses isolated from humans and poultry in 2004. J Virol. 2005;79:21918. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  24. Yen  HL, Monto  AS, Webster  RG, Govorkova  EA. Virulence may determine the necessary duration and dosage of oseltamivir treatment for highly pathogenic A/Vietnam/1203/04 influenza virus in mice. J Infect Dis. 2005;192:66572. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  25. Salomon  R, Hoffmann  E, Webster  RG. Inhibition of the cytokine response does not protect against lethal H5N1 influenza infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007;104:1247981. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar

Main Article

Page created: November 19, 2010
Page updated: November 19, 2010
Page reviewed: November 19, 2010
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
file_external