Volume 16, Number 10—October 2010
Dispatch
Artesunate Misuse and Plasmodium falciparum Malaria in Traveler Returning from Africa
Dea Shahinas, Rachel Lau, Krishna Khairnar, David Hancock, and Dylan R. Pillai
Table
Results of sequencing single-nucleotide polymorphisms of Plasmodium falciparum isolate*
| Strain |
Pfmdr1 |
PfATPase |
pfmdr1 copy no. |
CQ IC50, nmol/L |
MQ IC50, nmol/L |
ART IC50, nmol/L |
||||||
| 86 |
184 |
1034 |
1042 |
1246 |
623 |
769 |
||||||
| 3D7 | N | Y | S | N | D | A | S | 1.00 | 6.1 | 2.1 | 6.1 | |
| W2 | Y | Y | S | N | D | A | S | 0.97 | 252 | 3.2 | 7.3 | |
| Cameroon | Y | F | S | N | D | E | N | 1.85 | 163 | 7.7 | 8.07 | |
| Congo | Y | F | S | N | D | E | N | 1.51 | 355 | 10.7 | 10.9 | |
| Kenya | Y | F | S | N | D | E | N | 1.75 | 282 | 11.7 | 10.1 | |
| Liberia | N | F | S | N | D | E | N | 1.65 | 109 | 16.2 | 16.5 | |
| Nigeria C | Y | F | S | N | D | E | N | 1.06 | 222 | 8.7 | 8.1 | |
| Nigeria A | N | F | S | N | D | E | N | 1.52 | 171 | 16.6 | 20.1 | |
| Nigeria B | Y | F | S | N | D | E | N | 1.09 | 188 | 5.6 | 10.0 | |
| Ghana | N | F | S | N | D | E | N | 0.96 | 24.0 | 11.6 | 14.2 | |
| Tanzania | Y | F | S | N | Y | E | N | 1.88 | 381 | 7.8 | 16.6 | |
| Angola | Y | F | S | N | D | E | N | 0.81 | 258 | 4.5 | 7.3 | |
* At Pfmdr1 and PfATPase6 residues previously implicated in artemisinin resistance and gene copy number of pfmdr1 by quantitative real-time PCR in relation to mean IC50 (n = 3) data for key drugs (7,8,10). pfmdr1, P. falciparum multidrug resistance 1; CQ, chloroquine; MQ, mefloquine; ART, artemisinin; IC50., 50% minimum inhibitory concentration; N, asparagine; Y, tyrosine; S, serine; D, aspartic acid; A, alanine; E, glutamic acid; 3D7, chloroquine-sensitive laboratory strain; W2, chloroquine-resistant laboratory strain; Nigeria A, clinical isolate described in this report.
