Volume 16, Number 10—October 2010
Research
Oral Fluid Testing during 10 Years of Rubella Elimination, England and Wales
Gayatri Manikkavasagan, Antoaneta Bukasa, Kevin E. Brown, Bernard J. Cohen, and Mary E. Ramsay
Table 1
Accuracy of World Health Organization–modified clinical case definition for rubella, England and Wales, 1999–2008*
| Characteristic |
Sensitivity |
Specificity |
Positive predictive value |
|||||
| No. positive/ no. tested |
% (95% CI) |
No. positive/ no. tested |
% (95% CI) |
No. positive/ no. tested |
% (95% CI) |
|||
| Age, y | ||||||||
| <1 | 22/37 | 59.5 (43.6–75.3) | 1,467/2,804 | 52.3 (50.5–54.2) | 22/1,359 | 1.6 (1.0–2.3) | ||
| 1–4 | 34/75 | 45.3 (34.1–56.6) | 2,303/4,522 | 50.9 (49.5–52.4) | 34/2,253 | 1.5 (1.0–2.0) | ||
| 5–9 | 7/11 | 63.6 (35.2–92.1) | 1,006/1,640 | 61.3 (59.0–63.7) | 7/641 | 1.1 (0.3–1.9) | ||
| 10–14 | 10/32 | 31.3 (15.2–47.3) | 298/426 | 70.0 (65.6–74.3) | 10/138 | 7.2 (2.9–11.6) | ||
| 15–24 | 433/871 | 49.7 (46.4–53.0) | 281/462 | 60.8 (56.4–65.3) | 433/614 | 70.5 (66.9–74.1) | ||
| >25 |
256/455 |
56.3 (51.7–60.8) |
257/439 |
58.5 (53.9–63.2) |
256/438 |
58.4 (53.8–63.1) |
||
| Sex | ||||||||
| M | 649/1,278 | 50.8 (48.0–53.5) | 2,877/5,326 | 54.0 (52.7–55.4) | 649/3,098 | 20.9 (19.5–22.4) | ||
| F |
112/202 |
55.4 (48.6–62.3) |
2,744/4,954 |
55.3 (54.0–56.8) |
112/2,322 |
4.8 (3.95–5.7) |
||
| Year of report | ||||||||
| 1995 Jan–1998 Dec | 743/1,435 | 51.8 (49.2–54.4) | 3,630/6,677 | 54.4 (53.2–55.6) | 743/3,790 | 19.6 (18.3–20.9) | ||
| 1999 Jan–2003 Jul | 18/46 | 39.1 (25.0–53.2) | 1,983/3,616 | 54.8 (53.2–56.5) | 18/1,651 | 1.1 (0.6–1.6) | ||
*CI, confidence interval.
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