Volume 16, Number 9—September 2010
Research
Long-Term Health Risks for Children and Young Adults after Infective Gastroenteritis
Rachael E. Moorin
, Jane S. Heyworth, Geoffrey M. Forbes, and Thomas V. Riley
, Jane S. Heyworth, Geoffrey M. Forbes, and Thomas V. RileyTable A2
Significance, hazard ratios, and 95% CIs of variables in the 3 models measuring sequelae in children and young adults after infective gastroenteritis*
| p value | HR (95% CI) | p value | HR (95% CI) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Previous history of an enteric infection | Yes | <0.0001 | 1.642 (1.590–1.695) | <0.0001 | 1.628 (1.574–1.684) | |
| Sex | Female | <0.0001 | 0.806 (0.790–0.822) | <0.0001 | 0.789 (0.772–0.806) | |
| Indigenous status | Aboriginal | <0.0001 | 1.807 (1.728–1.890) | <0.0001 | 1.897 (1.810–1.988) | |
| Singleton birth | Yes | 0.0071 | 1.090 (1.024–1.160) | 0.0084 | 1.094 (1.023–1.170) | |
| Year of birth | <0.0001 | 0.978 (0.976–0.981) | <0.0001 | 0.989 (0.986–0.991) | ||
| Age in years at enteric infection or proxy |
<0.0001 |
0.872 (0.868–0.877) |
<0.0001 |
0.810 (0.805–0.815) |
||
| Weight at birth, g | <2,000 | <0.0001 | 1.000 | <0.0001 | 1.000 | |
| 2,001–3,000 | <0.0001 | 0.799 (0.747–0.854 | <0.0001 | 0.768 (0.715–0.824) | ||
| 3,001–4,000 | <0.0001 | 0.745 (0.698–0.796) | <0.0001 | 0.706 (0.658–0.756) | ||
| 4,001–5,000 | <0.0001 | 0.728 (0.678–0.782) | <0.0001 | 0.686 (0.636–0.740) | ||
| >5,001 |
0.0747 |
0.809 (0.641–1.021) |
0.0871 |
0.808 (0.633–1.032) |
||
| Socioeconomic status (SEIFA) | Extremely advantaged | <0.0001 | 1.000 | <0.0001 | 1.000 | |
| Advantaged | 0.1977 | 1.022 (0.989–1.057) | 0.1657 | 1.026 (0.989–1.064) | ||
| Average | 0.0003 | 1.066 (1.029–1.103) | 0.0005 | 1.069 (1.029–1.111) | ||
| Disadvantaged | <0.0001 | 1.143 (1.110–1.177) | <0.0001 | 1.166 (1.129–1.204) | ||
| Extremely disadvantaged |
<0.0001 |
1.112 (1.079–1.146) |
<0.0001 |
1.122 (1.086–1.159) |
||
| Accessibility to services | Highly accessible | <0.0001 | 1.000 | <0.0001 | 1.000 | |
| Accessible | <0.0001 | 1.183 (1.141–1.227) | <0.0001 | 1.203 (1.157–1.252) | ||
| Moderately accessible | <0.0001 | 1.218 (1.175–1.262) | <0.0001 | 1.257 (1.210–1.306) | ||
| Remote | <0.0001 | 1.329 (1.260–1.402) | <0.0001 | 1.410 (1.333–1.492) | ||
| Very remote |
<0.0001 |
1.149 (1.102–1.197) |
<0.0001 |
1.206 (1.154–1.260) |
||
| Born in hospital |
Yes |
<0.0001 |
0.883 (0.838–0.931) |
<0.0001 |
0.820 (0.776–0.867) |
|
| Mother’s region of birth | Australia | <0.0001 | 1.000 | <0.0001 | 1.000 | |
| New Zealand | 0.0006 | 0.852 (0.778–0.934) | 0.0108 | 0.880 (0.798–0.971) | ||
| United Kingdom | 0.0018 | 0.925 (0.881–0.972) | 0.0131 | 0.935 (0.886–0.986) | ||
| North America | 0.1076 | 0.833 (0.668–1.041) | 0.1996 | 0.853 (0.668–1.088) | ||
| Europe | 0.0101 | 0.886 (0.808–0.972) | 0.0106 | 0.874 (0.788–0.969) | ||
| Eastern Europe, former USSR, and Baltic States | 0.3687 | 0.897 (0.709–1.136) | 0.5647 | 0.926 (0.711–1.204) | ||
| Africa | 0.1407 | 0.912 (0.808–1.031) | 0.2897 | 0.931 (0.816–1.063) | ||
| Central/South America and Caribbean | 0.7729 | 0.964 (0.754–1.233) | 0.4821 | 0.906 (0.687–1.194) | ||
| Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia | 0.2428 | 0.804 (0.558–1.159) | 0.2646 | 0.796 (0.534–1.188) | ||
| Asia | <0.0001 | 0.593 (0.545–0.645) | 0.0000 | 0.600 (0.546–0.659) | ||
| Middle East |
0.3621 |
0.892 (0.699–1.140) |
0.2494 |
0.855 (0.655–1.116) |
||
| Father’s region of birth | Australia | <0.0001 | 1.000 | <0.0001 | 1.000 | |
| New Zealand | 0.0989 | 0.950 (0.893–1.010) | 0.2285 | 0.960 (0.899–1.026) | ||
| United Kingdom | 0.0580 | 1.033 (0.999–1.069) | 0.1773 | 1.026 (0.989–1.065) | ||
| North America | 0.1267 | 0.910 (0.806–1.027) | 0.1727 | 0.912 (0.799–1.041) | ||
| Europe (N,S, and W) | 0.0239 | 0.934 (0.881–0.991) | 0.0083 | 0.915 (0.857–0.977) | ||
| Eastern Europe, former USSR, and Baltic States | 0.1320 | 0.853 (0.693–1.049) | 0.0285 | 0.768 (0.606–0.973) | ||
| Africa | 0.0894 | 0.924 (0.843–1.012) | 0.1606 | 0.931 (0.843–1.029) | ||
| Central/South America and Caribbean | 0.8662 | 1.019 (0.822–1.261) | 0.8923 | 1.016 (0.803–1.286) | ||
| Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia | 0.3944 | 0.906 (0.721–1.138) | 0.5997 | 0.937 (0.733–1.196) | ||
| Asia | <0.0001 | 0.847 (0.785–0.914) | <0.0001 | 0.825 (0.758–0.897) | ||
| Middle East |
0.1435 |
0.857 (0.697–1.054) |
0.3362 |
0.897 (0.718–1.120) |
||
| Hospitalization for a concurrent illness | Yes | <0.0001 | 0.814 (0.766–0.864) | <0.0001 | 6.671 (5.637–7.893) |
*HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; USSR, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics; –, not applicable.
