Skip directly to site content Skip directly to page options Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link
Volume 17, Number 3—March 2011
Letter

Diagnosis and Treatment of Tuberculosis in the Private Sector, Vietnam

Nguyen B. HoaComments to Author , Frank G.J. Cobelens, Dinh N. Sy, Nguyen V. Nhung, Martien W. Borgdorff, and Edine W. Tiemersma
Author affiliations: Author affiliations: National Tuberculosis Program, Hanoi, Vietnam (N.B. Hoa, D.N. Sy, N.V. Nhung); Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (F.G.J. Cobelens, M.W. Borgdorff, E.W. Tiemersma); Municipal Health Service, Amsterdam (M.W. Borgdorff); KNCV Tuberculosis Foundation, The Hague, the Netherlands (E.W. Tiemersma)

Main Article

Table

Characteristics of patients treated for tuberculosis at time of prevalence survey (2006–2007) or in 2 preceding years, Vietnam*

Characteristic Public health facilities reporting to NTP, no. (%) Public health facilities
not reporting to NTP, no. (%) Private sector, no. (%) OR (95% CI)
Total
316 (89.5)
8 (2.3)
29 (8.2)
NA†
Sex
M 230 (92.4) 4 (1.6) 15 (6.0) 1
F
86 (82.7)
4 (3.8)
14 (13.5)
2.4‡ (1.0–5.6)
Age, y
15–35 51 (79.7) 2 (3.1) 11 (17.2) 3.1 (1.3–7.4)
35–55 134 (93.1) 4 (2.8) 6 (4.2) 0.4 (0.1–0.9)
>55
131 (90.3)
2 (1.4)
12 (8.3)
1.0 (0.4–2.3)
Area
Urban 95 (85.6) 2 (1.8) 14 (12.6) 2.2 (0.9–5.1)
Remote 59 (89.4) 2 (3.0) 5 (7.6) 0.9 (0.3–2.5)
Rural
162 (92.0)
4 (2.3)
10 (5.7)
0.5 (0.2–1.2)
Zone
Northern 117 (93.6) 5 (4.0) 3 (2.4) 0.2 (0.0–0.7)
Central 50 (87.7) 1 (1.8) 6 (10.5) 1.4 (0.4–3.8)
Southern
149 (87.1)
2 (1.2)
20 (11.7)
2.5 (1.1–6.5)
Socioeconomic status§
Lowest 104 (91.2) 2 (1.8) 8 (7.0) 0.8 (0.3–1.9)
Medium 85 (90.4) 2 (2.1) 7 (7.4) 0.9 (0.3–2.2)
Highest 103 (88.0) 2 (1.7) 12 (10.3) 1.5 (0.6–3.5)
No information 24 (85.7) 2 (7.1) 2 (7.1) NA¶

*NTP, National Tuberculosis Program; OR, odds ratio, CI, confidence interval; NA, not available.
†Not available because >4 categories are needed for calculation of OR.
‡For difference between private and public sectors. All other comparisons were for differences between 1 group and the other groups combined.
§Based on a set of indicators (7) and expressed by tertiles of expenditure distribution among all survey participants.
¶Not available because there were only 28 persons with no information.

Main Article

References
  1. Chengsorn  N, Bloss  E, Anekvorapong  R, Anuwatnonthakate  A, Wattanaamornkiat  W, Komsakorn  S, Tuberculosis services and treatment outcomes in private and public health care facilities in Thailand, 2004–2006. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2009;13:88894.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  2. Uplekar  M, Pathania  V, Raviglione  M. Private practitioners and public health: weak links in tuberculosis control. Lancet. 2001;358:9126. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  3. Uplekar  M. Involving private health care providers in delivery of TB care: global strategy. Tuberculosis (Edinb). 2003;83:15664. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  4. Quy  HT, Lan  NT, Lönnroth  K, Buu  TN, Dieu  TT, Hai  LT. Public-private mix for improved TB control in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam: an assessment of its impact on case detection. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2003;7:46471.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  5. Lönnroth  K, Thuong  LM, Linh  PD, Diwan  VK. Utilization of private and public health-care providers for tuberculosis symptoms in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Health Policy Plan. 2001;16:4754. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  6. Hoa  NB, Sy  DN, Nhung  NV, Tiemersma  EW, Borgdorff  MW, Cobelens  FGJ. A national survey of tuberculosis prevalence in Vietnam. Bull World Health Organ. 2010;88:27380. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  7. Hoa  NB, Tiemersma  EW, Sy  DN, Nhung  NV, Gebhard  A, Borgdorff  MW, Household expenditure and tuberculosis prevalence in Vietnam: prediction by a set of household indicators. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2010;15:327.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  8. White  IR, Royston  P, Wood  AM. Multiple imputation using chained equations: issues and guidance for practice. Statistics in Medicine. 2010; [Epub ahead of print].
  9. Lönnroth  K, Lambregts  K, Nhien  DT, Quy  HT, Diwan  VK. Private pharmacies and tuberculosis control: a survey of case detection skills and reported anti-tuberculosis drug dispensing in private pharmacies in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2000;4:10529.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  10. Lönnroth  K, Thuong  LM, Lambregts  K, Quy  HT, Diwan  VK. Private tuberculosis care provision associated with poor treatment outcome: comparative study of a semi-private lung clinic and the NTP in two urban districts in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2003;7:16571.PubMedGoogle Scholar

Main Article

Page created: July 25, 2011
Page updated: July 25, 2011
Page reviewed: July 25, 2011
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
file_external