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Volume 17, Number 3—March 2011
Dispatch

Isoniazid-Resistant Tuberculous Meningitis, United States, 1993–2005

Christopher VinnardComments to Author , Carla A. Winston, E. Paul Wileyto, Rob Roy MacGregor, and Gregory P. Bisson
Author affiliations: Author affiliations: University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA (C. Vinnard, E.P. Wileyto, R.R. MacGregor, G.P. Bisson); Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (C.A. Winston)

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Table 1

Unadjusted analysis of factors associated with initial isoniazid resistance in tuberculosis disease, United States, 1993–2005*

Patient characteristics No. cases with isoniazid resistance/total no. cases (%) OR (95% CI) p value
Origin†
US-born 40/926 (4) Reference
Foreign-born
69/674 (10)
2.53 (1.66–3.88)
<0.01
Age category, y <0.01
<1 1/57 (2) 0.14 (0–0.86)
1–<4 4/94 (4) 0.34 (0.08–1.00)
4–<14 3/50 (6) 0.49 (0.09–1.67)
14–<24 8/111 (7) 0.59 (0.23–1.38)
24–<34 31/268 (12) Reference
34–<44 29/344 (8) 0.70 (0.40–1.24)
44–<54 14/247 (6) 0.46 (0.22–0.92)
55–<64 11/157 (7) 0.58 (0.25–1.22)
64–74 5/159 (3) 0.25 (0.07–0.66)
>74
3/127 (2)
0.18 (0.04–0.61)

Race category
White, non-Hispanic 14/240 (6) Reference 0.03
Black, non-Hispanic 27/578 (5) 0.79 (0.39–1.66)
Hispanic 38/489 (8) 1.36 (0.70–2.78)
Asian/Native Hawaiian, non-Hispanic 28/276 (10) 1.82 (0.90–3.84)
American Indian, non-Hispanic
0/16
0 (0–4.02)

HIV status‡
Negative 32/487 (7) Reference
Positive
26/362 (7)
1.10 (0.62–1.95)
0.73
Sex
F 48/650 (7) Reference
M
61/964 (6)
0.85 (0.56–1.28)
0.41
Homeless within the previous year
No 99/1,426 (7) Reference
Yes
3/74 (4)
0.57 (0.11–1.78)
0.48
Resident of a long-term care facility at diagnosis
No 105/1,491 (7) Reference
Yes
2/67 (3)
0.41 (0.05–1.57)
0.20
Resident of a correctional facility at diagnosis
No 106/1,561 (7) Reference
Yes
3/43 (7)
1.03 (0.20–3.32)
0.96
Pulmonary disease
No 69/1,068 (6) Reference
Yes
40/546 (7)
1.14 (0.74–1.74)
0.51
Abnormal chest radiograph results
No 48/690 (7) Reference
Yes
58/835 (7)
1.00 (0.66–1.52)
0.99
Positive smear (nonsputum site)
No 71/985 (7) Reference
Yes
32/434 (7)
1.02 (0.64–1.61)
0.91
Positive tuberculin skin test result
No 24/433 (5) Reference
Yes 36/520 (7) 1.33 (0.75–2.38) 0.30

*OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.
†US-born persons were defined as persons born in the United States, Puerto Rico, or US outlying area, or born abroad to American parents; all other persons were defined as foreign-born.
‡California reported only patients matched to the California AIDS registry from 1993–2004 as HIV positive; all other California patients are missing HIV status.

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Page created: September 01, 2011
Page updated: September 01, 2011
Page reviewed: September 01, 2011
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
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