Volume 17, Number 9—September 2011
Research
Estimating Effect of Antiviral Drug Use during Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Outbreak, United States
Table 3
Literature review of effectiveness of neuraminidase inhibitors in preventing influenza-related hospitalizations*
| Drug | Study type | Population | Reduction in hospitalization point estimate (95% CI) | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zanamivir | Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial | 455 patients residing in Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa age >12 y with influenza-like symptoms of <36 hours’ duration | NA | (14) |
| Oseltamivir | Open-label, multicenter international study | 1,426 patients (age range 12–70 y) seeking treatment <48 h after onset of influenza symptoms | NA | (15) |
| Oseltamivir | Retrospective cohort analysis | The oseltamivir and untreated control groups each included 36,751 eligible patients | 22%; HR 0.78 (0.67–0.91) | (8); claims data |
| Oseltamivir | Retrospective cohort study | Oseltamivir and untreated propensity matched control groups each included 45,751 eligible patients | 30% any cause; OR 0.71 (0.62–0.83) | (9); insurance claims data |
| Zanamivir | Randomized, double-blind studies in 38 centers in North America and 32 centers in Europe during the 1994–95 influenza season | 417 adults with influenza-like illness of <48 hours' duration were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatments | NA | (16) |
| Amantadine/ rimantadine | Two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials | ≈80 patients with laboratory-documented influenza A virus (H3N2) illness <2 days' duration | NA | (13) |
| Oseltamivir | Combined analysis of 10 prospective, placebo controlled, double-blind trials | 3,564 persons (age range 13–97 y) with influenza-like illness enrolled in 10 placebo-controlled, double-blind trials of oseltamivir treatment | 59% any cause reduction; 50% influenza, at risk patients | (7) |
| Zanamivir | Retrospective pooled analysis of data; all studies were randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled with 21–28 day follow-up | 2,751 patients were recruited; of these, 321 (12%) were considered high risk and 154 were randomized to receive zanamivir | NA | (17) |
| Zanamivir | Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in primary care and hospital clinics | 356 patients age >12 y were recruited within 2 d of onset of typical influenza symptoms | NA | (12) |
| Zanamivir | Pooled analyses of secondary endpoints | NA | (18) | |
| Oseltamivir | Randomized controlled trial | 726 healthy nonimmunized adults with febrile influenza-like illness of <36 hours’ duration | NA | (19) |
| Oseltamivir | Retrospective cohort study | 9,090 patients with diabetes and influenza | 30% any cause; RR 0.70 (0.52–0.94) | (10); insurance claims data |
| Oseltamivir | Retrospective cohort study | The oseltamivir and untreated control groups each included 36,751 eligible patients, 50% with a claim for oseltamivir, 50% without | 38%; RR 0.62 (0.52–0.74) | (11); insurance claims data |
| Oseltamivir | Double-blind, stratified, randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial | Healthy adults (age range 18–65 y) who sought treatment <36 h after onset of influenza symptoms | NA | (20) |
| Oseltamivir | Randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled study | Children age 1–12 y with fever (>100°F [>38°C]) and a history of cough or coryza <48 hours’ duration | NA | (21) |
*CI, confidence interval; NA, not applicable; HR, hazard ratio; OR, odds ratio; RR, relative risk.
