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Volume 18, Number 12—December 2012
Research

Transmission Routes for Nipah Virus from Malaysia and Bangladesh

Bronwyn A. Clayton, Deborah Middleton, Jemma Bergfeld, Jessica Haining, Rachel Arkinstall, Linfa Wang, and Glenn A. MarshComments to Author 
Author affiliations: Author affiliations: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Livestock Industries, Geelong, Victoria, Australia (B.A. Clayton, D. Middleton, J. Bergfeld, J. Haining, R. Arkinstall, L. Wang, G.A. Marsh); University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (B.A. Clayton); Duke–National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore (L. Wang)

Main Article

Table 2

Viral RNA and virus isolation results from ferrets experimentally infected with Nipah virus, Bangladesh strain*

Ferret no., sample
Virus in shedding samples and blood over time, RNA/virus isolation†
Dpi 1
Dpi 2
Dpi 3
Dpi 4
Dpi 5
Dpi 6
Dpi 7
Dpi 8
Dpi 9
Dpi 10
B1

NW

Indet +/−‡ +/+

OS

–‡ +/−

RS

Indet –‡ +/−

Blood




+/‡

–‡

+/§



B2

NW

+/− +/− +/+

OS

+/− +/−

RS

+/−

Blood






+/+

+/§



B3

NW

+/− –‡ +/−

OS

–‡ +/−

RS

–‡ +/+

Blood




Indet

–‡

+/§



B4

NW

+/− +/− +/+‡

OS

+/− +/−‡

RS

–‡

Blood








+/§



B5

NW

+/− +/+ +/+

OS

+/+ +/− +/+

RS

Indet +/−

Blood



Indet



+/+

+/+


B6

NW

+/−‡ NS +/+

OS

+/+‡ NS +/−

RS

–‡ NS +/−

Blood







+/+‡

NS
+/−

B7

NW

+/− +/+ +/+‡

OS

+/+ +/+ +/−‡

RS

+/+‡

Blood



+/+



+/−

+/+‡


B8

NW

–‡ +/+

OS

+/−‡ +/−

RS

–‡ +/+

Blood

+/+‡ +/+

*Dpi, days postinfection; NW, nasal wash; –, Nipah virus not detected by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) for N gene; therefore, virus isolation was not attempted for this sample; empty cells represent days on which sampling was not scheduled for that animal; Indet, mean cycle threshold value >39.1 (the defined cutoff value for positive samples); +/−, virus detected by RT-PCR but negative by virus isolation; +/+, sample positive by RT-PCR and virus isolation; OS, oral sample; RS, rectal sample; NS, not sampled.
†RNA detection by RT-PCR.
‡Pyrexia first detected.
§Virus isolation not attempted for this sample.

Main Article

Page created: November 20, 2012
Page updated: November 20, 2012
Page reviewed: November 20, 2012
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
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