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Volume 18, Number 5—May 2012
CME ACTIVITY - Research

Invasive Haemophilus influenzae Serotype e and f Disease, England and Wales

Shamez N. LadhaniComments to Author , Sarah Collins, Anna Vickers, David J. Litt, Carina Crawford, Mary E. Ramsay, and Mary P.E. Slack
Author affiliations: Health Protection Agency, London, UK (S.N. Ladhani, S. Collins, A. Vickers, D.J. Litt, C. Crawford, M.E. Ramsay, M.P.E. Slack); St. George’s University of London, London (S.N. Ladhani)

Main Article

Table

Characteristics of patients with invasive Hie and Hif infections, England and Wales, 2009–2010*

Characteristic Hie, n = 33 Hif, n = 99 All, n = 132 p value
Median age, y (IQR) 62 (6–79) 65 (46–77) 65 (41–78) 0.54
Male sex 17 (51.5) 47 (47.5) 64 (48.5) 0.69
Underlying conditions
0 9 (27.3) 18 (18.2) 10 (20.5) 0.26
1 9 (27.3) 32 (32.3) 41 (31.1) 0.59
>2 15 (45.5) 49 (49.5) 64 (48.5) 0.69
Type of underlying condition†
Heart disease 12 (36.4) 28 (28.3) 40 (30.3) 0.38
Lung disease 7 (21.2) 28 (28.3) 35 (26.5) 0.43
Gastrointestinal disease 4 (12.1) 7 (7.1) 11 (8.3) 0.36
Renal disease 6 (18.2) 12 (12.1) 18 (13.6) 0.38
Metabolic/endocrine 8 (24.2) 13 (13.1) 21 (15.9) 0.13
Malignancy/immunosuppression 4 (12.1) 31 (31.3) 35 (26.5) 0.031
Neurologic condition 3 (9.1) 6 (6.1) 9 (6.8) 0.55
Other risk factors‡ 1 (3.0) 5 (5.1) 6 (5.3) 0.63
Type of Haemophilus influenzae illness
Pneumonia 17 (51.5) 61 (61.6) 78 (59.1) 0.47
Meningitis 7 (21.2) 10 (10.1) 17 (12.9) 0.099
Septicemia 2 (6.1) 16 (16.2) 18 (13.6) 0.14
Hepatobiliary infection 3 (9.1) 1 (1.0) 4 (3.0) 0.019
Septic arthritis 0 4 (4.0) 4 (3.0) 0.24
Epiglottitis 1 (3.0) 3 (3.0) 4 (3.0) 1.00
Cellulitis 1 (3.0) 4 (4.0) 5 (3.8) 0.79
Urogenital infection 1 (3.0) 0 1 (0.8) 0.082
Endocarditis 1 (3.0) 0 1 (0.8) 0.082
CFR
Overall 10/33 (41.7) 34/99 (42.0) 44/132 (41.9) 0.98
No underlying condition 3/9 (33.3) 0/18 3/27 (11.1) 0.009
1 underlying condition 5/24 (20.8) 9/81 (11.1) 14/105 (13.3) 0.22
>2 underlying conditions 3/15 (20.0) 7/49 (14.3) 10/64 (15.6) 0.59
Attributable CFR 10/33 (30.3) 12/99 (12.1) 22/132 (16.7) 0.015
CFR within 7 d 8/33 (24.2) 8/99 (8.8) 16/132 (12.1) 0.014
CFR within 28 d 10/33 (30.3) 15/99 (15.2) 25/132 (18.9) 0.054
CFR for meningitis§ 1/7 (14.3) 0/10 1/17 (5.9) 0.22
CFR for pneumonia§ 7/17 (41.2) 7/61 (11.5) 14/78 (18.0) 0.005
CFR for septicemia§ 0/2 1/16 (6.3) 1/18 (5.6) 0.72
CFR for other conditions§ 0/7 0/12 0/19

*Values are no. cases (%) or no. cases/no. in category (%), unless otherwise specified. Hie, Haemophilus influenzae serotype e; Hif, H. influenzae serotype f; IQR, interquartile range; CFR, case-fatality ratio.
†Some case-patients had >1 underlying condition.
‡For Hie, long-term complications of extreme prematurity (n = 1); for Hif, alcohol dependency (n = 3), long-term complications of extreme prematurity (n = 1), and schizophrenia (n = 1).
§Death within 7 d.

Main Article

Page created: April 16, 2012
Page updated: April 16, 2012
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