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Volume 19, Number 2—February 2013

Perspective

Rift Valley Fever and a New Paradigm of Research and Development for Zoonotic Disease Control

Osman DarComments to Author , Sabrina McIntyre, Sue Hogarth, and David Heymann
Author affiliations: Author affiliations: London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK (O. Dar, S. McIntyre, S. Hogarth); Chatham House Centre on Global Health Security, London (D. Heymann); London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London (D. Heymann)

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Table

Major Rift Valley fever outbreaks and reported cases among humans, 1997–2010*

Outbreak dates Geographic distribution Estimated no. cases No. cases reported No. deaths confirmed Precipitation Control measures
1997 Dec–1998 Jan
 Kenya, Somalia, Tanzania
 89,000
 No documented reports
 478
 Heavy rainfall and flooding
 Active surveillance; safety education; distribution of masks, gloves; slaughterhouse monitoring
1998 Sep–Dec
 Mauritania
 No documented estimates
 300–400
 6
 Heavy rainfall
 Active surveillance; public awareness/education; mosquito control; animal movement control
2000 Aug–2001 Sep
 Saudi Arabia, Yemen
 20,000†
 886
 123
 Rainfall; virus introduction
 Active surveillance; public awareness/education; mosquito control; animal movement control
2006 Nov–2007 Mar Kenya 75,000 700 158 Heavy rainfall and flooding
 Active surveillance; public awareness/education; mosquito control; ban on livestock slaughtering; closure of livestock market; vaccination Jan 2007
Somalia 30,000 114 51
Tanzania
 40,000
 264
 109
2007 Sep–2008 Jan
 Sudan
 75,000
 747
 230
 Heavy rainfall and flooding
 Active surveillance; public awareness/education; targeted vaccination; ban of livestock imports by Saudi Arabia and Egypt
2008 Jan–Jun
 Madagascar
 10,000
 476
 19
 Heavy rainfall
 Active surveillance; public awareness; mosquito control; animal movement control
2008 Oct–2009 May
 Madagascar
 No documented estimates
 236
 7
 Heavy rainfall
 Active surveillance; public awareness; mosquito control; animal movement control
2010 Feb–2010 May
 South Africa
 No documented estimates
 242
 26
 Sustained heavy rains
 Public awareness/education; mosquito control
2010 Sep–2010 Dec Mauritania No documented estimates 63 13 Heavy rainfall Public awareness; mosquito control; animal movement control

*Sources: (6–24). FAO, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
†Data available for Jizan region only.

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