Skip directly to site content Skip directly to page options Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link
Volume 19, Number 3—March 2013
Letter

Recurring Influenza B Virus Infections in Seals

Rogier Bodewes, Danny Morick, Gerrie de Mutsert, Nynke Osinga, Theo Bestebroer, Stefan van der Vliet, Saskia L. Smits, Thijs Kuiken, Guus F. Rimmelzwaan, Ron A.M. Fouchier, and Albert D.M.E. OsterhausComments to Author 
Author affiliations: Author affiliations: Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (R. Bodewes, G. de Mutsert, T. Bestebroer, S. van der Vliet, S.L. Smits, T. Kuiken, G.F. Rimmelzwaan, R.A.M. Fouchier, A.D.M.E. Osterhaus); Seal Rehabilitation and Research Centre, Pieterburen, the Netherlands (D. Morick, N. Osinga); ViroClinics Biosciences BV, Rotterdam (S.L. Smits, G.F. Rimmelzwaan, A.D.M.E. Osterhaus)

Main Article

Figure

Serologic evidence of influenza B virus in seals, the Netherlands, 2002–2012. A) Proportion (prop.) of serum samples for each year shown that were positive for influenza B virus antibodies. The number above the year represents the serum samples tested for that year. B) Mean hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody titers (±SD) of tested positive serum samples against different influenza B strains belonging to either the Yamagata (Y) or Victoria lineage (V). Asterisk indicates that only 8 of 10

Figure. . . Serologic evidence of influenza B virus in seals, the Netherlands, 2002–2012. A) Proportion (prop.) of serum samples for each year shown that were positive for influenza B virus antibodies. The number above the year represents the serum samples tested for that year. B) Mean hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody titers (±SD) of tested positive serum samples against different influenza B strains belonging to either the Yamagata (Y) or Victoria lineage (V). Asterisk indicates that only 8 of 10 serum samples were tested against these strains because of the limited amount of serum available from 2 seals. C) Antigenic map of influenza B viruses. Indicated are the relative positions of strains (circles) and ferret antiserum samples (squares). Symbols of strains and homologs of ferret antiserum samples are identical, whereas serum samples of seals are indicated as unfilled squares. The spacing between grid lines is 1 antigenic unit, which corresponds to a 2-fold dilution of antiserum in the hemagglutination inhibition assay. Only serum samples and antigens that were positive against at least 3 influenza B virus antigens or serum samples were included in the antigenic map. YT, Yamagata; PM, Panama; BE, Beijing: BB, Brisbane; HB, Harbin; NL, Netherlands; YA, Yamanashi; GD, Guandong; MA, Malaysia; FL, Florida; JI, Jiangsu

Main Article

Page created: January 30, 2013
Page updated: January 30, 2013
Page reviewed: January 30, 2013
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
file_external