Skip directly to site content Skip directly to page options Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link
Volume 20, Number 8—August 2014
Dispatch

Levofloxacin-Resistant Haemophilus influenzae, Taiwan, 2004–2010

Shu-Chen Kuo, Pei-Chen Chen, Yih-Ru Shiau, Hui-Ying Wang, Jui-Fen Lai, Wen Huang, and Tsai-Ling Yang LauderdaleComments to Author 
Author affiliations: National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan (S.-C. Kuo, P.-C. Chen, Y.-R. Shiau, H.-Y. Wang, J.-F. Lai, I.-W. Huang, T.-L.Y. Lauderdale); National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan (S.-C. Kuo); Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei (S.-C. Kuo)

Main Article

Table 1

Trends in antimicrobial nonsusceptibility in Haemophilus influenzae from the Taiwan Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance program, 2004–2010*

Antimicrobial agent % Nonsusceptible
p value† Odds ratio (95% CI)
2004, n = 344 2006, n = 490 2008, n = 323 2010, n = 305 2004–2010, n = 1,462
Amoxicillin/clavulanate 3.8 5.5 2.8 3.9 4.2 0.573 0.933 (0.731–1.189)
Ampicillin 61.3 56.5 49.2 59.3 56.6 0.242 0.943 (0.856–1.040)
Ampicillin/sulbactam 34.0 26.7 24.8 35.7 29.9 0.790 1.014 (0.913–1.127)
Cefaclor 54.4 48.2 53.6 57.0 52.7 0.241 1.060 (0.962–1.167)
Cefepime 2.6 1.0 0.0 2.0 1.4 0.287 0.790 (0.513–1.218)
Cefixime 4.4 1.8 0.6 2.3 2.3 0.044 0.698 (0.462–0.991)
Ceftriaxone 1.5 0.4 0.0 1.0 0.7 0.370 0.754 (0.406–1.398)
Cefuroxime 13.7 14.3 25.1 16.1 16.9 0.033 1.150 (1.011–1.307)
Chloramphenicol 39.8 37.8 28.8 33.1 35.3 0.01 0.875 (0.791–0.968)
Clarithromycin 40.7 50.4 58.5 43.6 48.5 1.148 1.704 (0.975–1.183)
Imipenem 3.8 3.3 1.9 3.0 3.0 0.333 0.867 (0.650–1.157)
Levofloxacin 2.0 10.6 15.2 24.3 12.5 <0.001 1.964 (1.675–2.302)
Meropenem 2.0 0.6 0.0 1.0 0.9 0.110 0.625 (0.351–1.112)
Sparfloxacin 4.9 15.1 19.5 26.9 16.1 <0.001 1.688 (1.472–1.936)
Tetracycline 40.7 38.6 30.7 33.4 36.3 0.010 0.875 (0.790–0.969)
TMP/SMX 67.4 66.5 71.8 74.1 69.5 0.023 1.131 (1.017–1.257)

*TMP/SMX, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole.
†For the trend test calculation, a continuous variable was used as previously described (10).

Main Article

References
  1. Hooper  DC. Emerging mechanisms of fluoroquinolone resistance. Emerg Infect Dis. 2001;7:33741 and. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  2. Cuevas  O, Oteo  J, Lazaro  E, Aracil  B, de Abajo  F, Garcia-Cobos  S, Significant ecological impact on the progression of fluoroquinolone resistance in Escherichia coli with increased community use of moxifloxacin, levofloxacin and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2011;66:6649 . DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  3. Mandell  LA, Wunderink  RG, Anzueto  A, Bartlett  JG, Campbell  GD, Dean  NC, Infectious Diseases Society of America/American Thoracic Society consensus guidelines on the management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults. Clin Infect Dis. 2007;44:S2772 . DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  4. Darabi  A, Hocquet  D, Dowzicky  MJ. Antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae collected globally between 2004 and 2008 as part of the Tigecycline Evaluation and Surveillance Trial. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2010;67:7886 . DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  5. Jones  RN, Farrell  DJ, Mendes  RE, Sader  HS. Comparative ceftaroline activity tested against pathogens associated with community-acquired pneumonia: results from an international surveillance study. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2011;66:iii6980 . DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  6. Pfaller  MA, Farrell  DJ, Sader  HS, Jones  RN. AWARE Ceftaroline Surveillance Program (2008–2010): trends in resistance patterns among Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis in the United States. Clin Infect Dis. 2012;55:S18793 . DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  7. Chang  CM, Lauderdale  TL, Lee  HC, Lee  NY, Wu  CJ, Chen  PL, Colonisation of fluoroquinolone-resistant Haemophilus influenzae among nursing home residents in southern Taiwan. J Hosp Infect. 2010;75:3048. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  8. Nazir  J, Urban  C, Mariano  N, Burns  J, Tommasulo  B, Rosenberg  C, Quinolone-resistant Haemophilus influenzae in a long-term care facility: clinical and molecular epidemiology. Clin Infect Dis. 2004;38:15649 . DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  9. Yokota  S, Ohkoshi  Y, Sato  K, Fujii  N. Emergence of fluoroquinolone-resistant Haemophilus influenzae strains among elderly patients but not among children. J Clin Microbiol. 2008;46:3615 . DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  10. Kuo  S-C, Chang  S-C, Wang  H-Y, Lai  J-F, Chen  P-C, Shiau  Y-R, Emergence of extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii complex over 10 years: nationwide data from the Taiwan Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance (TSAR) program. BMC Infect Dis. 2012;12:200. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  11. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing: 22nd informational spplement. M100–S22. Wayne (PA); The Institute; 2012.
  12. Hunter  SB, Vauterin  P, Lambert-Fair  MA, Van Duyne  MS, Kubota  K, Graves  L, Establishment of a universal size standard strain for use with the PulseNet standardized pulsed-field gel electrophoresis protocols: converting the national databases to the new size standard. J Clin Microbiol. 2005;43:104550 . DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  13. Meats  E, Feil  EJ, Stringer  S, Cody  AJ, Goldstein  R, Kroll  JS, Characterization of encapsulated and noncapsulated Haemophilus influenzae and determination of phylogenetic relationships by multilocus sequence typing. J Clin Microbiol. 2003;41:162336 . DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  14. Pérez-Vázquez  M, Roman  F, Garcia-Cobos  S, Campos  J. Fluoroquinolone resistance in Haemophilus influenzae is associated with hypermutability. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2007;51:15669. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  15. Georgiou  M, Munoz  R, Roman  F, Canton  R, Gomez-Lus  R, Campos  J, Ciprofloxacin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae strains possess mutations in analogous positions of GyrA and ParC. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1996;40:17414 .PubMedGoogle Scholar

Main Article

Page created: July 18, 2014
Page updated: July 18, 2014
Page reviewed: July 18, 2014
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
file_external