Volume 3, Number 3—September 1997
Perspective
Host Genes and HIV: The Role of the Chemokine Receptor Gene CCR5 and Its Allele (∆32 CCR5)
, Dawn K. Smith, Shoukat H. Qari, and Thomas HodgeTable 1
Human chemokine receptors.
| Ligands |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (MCP-1Ra) Receptors (Old names)a | C-C chemokines | CXC chemokines | Predominant expression/Tissue distribution | Pathogensb | Chromosome location | GenBank Acc. # |
| CC Receptors | ||||||
| CCR1 (CC CKR1) | αβ, RANTES, MCP-3 | monocytes, T cells | 3p21 | L10918 | ||
| CCR2A | MCP-1 | T cells, basophils, monocytes | 3p21 | U03882 | ||
| CCR2B (MCP-1Rb) | MCP-1, 3, 4 | HIV-1 (NSI) | U03905 | |||
| CCR3 (CKR3) | Eotaxin, RANTES, MCP-2,3,4 | eosinophil, basophils, microglial cells, and possibly monocytes; little expression in peripheral blood T-lymphocytes or dendritic cells | HIV-1 (NSI) | 3p21 | U28694 | |
| CCR4 | TARC | basophils, T cells | 3p24 | X85740 | ||
| CCR5c (CC CKR5) | RANTES, MIP-1αβ | monocytes, dendritic cells, microglial cells, T cells | HIV-1 (NSI), HIV-2 | 3p21 | U57840 | |
| CXC Receptors | ||||||
| CXCR1 (IL-8 RA) | IL-8 | neutrophils, NK cells | 2q35 | M68932 | ||
| CXCR2 (IL-8 RB) | IL-8, MGSA, gro-α , NAP-2, IP-10, ENA-78, Mig | M73969 | ||||
| CXCR3 | IP-10, Mig | activated T cells | X95876 | |||
| CXCR4 (Fusin, LESTR, HUMSTR) | SDF-1 | wide: CD4+ and CD4- cells, monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, B cells; other tissues, e.g., brain, lung, spleen | HIV-1 (SI) HIV-2 | 2q21 | M99293 | |
| CC/CXC Receptor | ||||||
| DARC (Duffy antigen) | RANTES, MCP-1, TARC etc. | IL-8, MGSA, gro-α etc. | endothelial cells, erythrocytes | Plasmodium vivax | 1 | U01839 |
| Othersd | ||||||
| STRL33 | ND | ND | lymphoid tissues and activated T cells | HIV-1 | 3 | U73529 |
| HCMV-US28 | MIP-1αβ, RANTES | fibroblasts infected with CMV | HIV-1 | N/A | X17403 | |
| ChemR1 | ND | ND | T lymphocytes, polymorphonuclear cells | 3p21-24 | Y08456 | |
| CMKBRL1 | ND | ND | neutrophils, monocytes, brain, liver, lung, skeletal muscles | 3p21 | U28934 | |
| TER1 | ND | ND | thymus, spleen | 3p21 | U62556 | |
| V28 | ND | ND | Neural and lymphoid tissue | 3p21 | U20350 | |
| D2S201E | ND | ND | wide, including cells of hemopoietic origin | 2q21 | M99293 | |
| BLR1 | ND | ND | B lymphocytes | X68149 | ||
| EBI1 | ND | ND | B lymphocytes | L08176 | ||
| GPR1,2,5 | ND | ND | ND | L36149 | ||
a New nomenclature for CC and CXC chemokine receptors was adopted at the Gordon Research Conference on Chemotactic Cytokines, June 23-28, 1996.
bPathogens using this receptor for infection.
cThe 32bp deleted allele of CCR5 has been referred to as CCR5-2 (19).
dChemokine receptor-like genes whose predicted proteins have 7 transmembrane domains.
Abbreviations: BLR1, Burkitt's lymphoma receptor-1; CMKBRL1, Chemokine β receptor like-1; DARC, duffy antigen/receptor for chemokines; EBI1, Epstein-Barr virus-induced receptor; ENA78, epithelial-derived neutrophil-activating peptide-78; GPR, G protein coupled receptor; gro, growth related gene product; HCMV, human cytomegalovirus; HUMSTR, human serum transmembrane segment receptor; IL, interleukin; IP-10, interferon-gamma inducible 10kD protein; LESTR, leukocyte-expressed seven-transmembrane-domain receptor; MCP, monocyte chemotactic protein; Mig, monokine induced by interferon gamma; MIP, macrophage inflammatory protein; NSI, non-syncytium inducing; N/A, not applicable; NAP-2, neutrophil-activating protein-2; ND, not determined; RANTES, regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted; SDF-1, stromal cell-derived factor-1; STRL33, seven transmembrane-domain receptor from lymphocyte clone 33; TARC, thymus and activation regulated chemokine.
1Garred P, Eugen-Olsen J, Iversen AKN, Benfield TL, Svejgaard A, Hofmann, B, the Copenhagen AIDS Study Group. Dual effect of CCR5 D32 gene deletion in HIV-1-infected patients. Lancet 1997; 349:1884.
2Martinson JJ, Chapman NH, Rees DC, Lui Y-T, Clegg JB. Global distribution of the CCR5 gene 32-basepair deletion [letter]. Nature Genetics 1997;16:100-103.
3Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Facts about CCR5 and protection against HIV-1 infection; 1997.
