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Volume 7, Number 1—February 2001
Synopsis

Geographic Subdivision of the Range of the Malaria Parasite, Plasmodium vivax

Jun Li*, William E. Collins†, Robert A. Wirtz†, Dharmendar Rathore*, Altaf Lal†, and Thomas F. McCutchan*Comments to Author 
Author affiliations: *National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; †Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA

Main Article

Figure 1

Comparison of the relative developmental success of 11 different isolates of Plasmodium vivax in Anopheles albimanus and An. freeborni. The black bars and arrows represent An. albimanus, and the grey bars and arrow represent An. freeborni. The origin of each isolate is indicated on the map. American Type Culture collection reference numbers are as follows: N. Korea T1206, Thai K1294, Vietnam C30151, New Guinea C30060, Nicaragua 30073, Panama C30138, and El Salvador-1 C30197. W. Pakistan, Salvado

Figure 1. Comparison of the relative developmental success of 11 different isolates of Plasmodium vivax in Anopheles albimanus and An. freeborni. The black bars and arrows represent An. albimanus, and the grey bars and arrow represent An. freeborni. The origin of each isolate is indicated on the map. American Type Culture collection reference numbers are as follows: N. Korea T1206, Thai K1294, Vietnam C30151, New Guinea C30060, Nicaragua 30073, Panama C30138, and El Salvador-1 C30197. W. Pakistan, Salvador-2, and Colombia came directly from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Analysis of feeding and infectivity are as described (4). *Susceptibility of An. albimanus to different stains of P. vivax was tested by feeding the mosquito on infected Aotus monkeys (4). A total of six strains of An. albimanus collected from Panama, El Salvador, Colombia, and Haiti were used to test each of 11 strains of P. vivax, 6 strains of which were from the New World, including 2 isolates from El Salvador and 1 each from Colombia, Haiti, Panama, and Nicaragua; 5 strains were from the Old World, including Chesson strain (New Guinea), West Pakistan strain (Pakistan), North Korea strain (Korea), Pakchong strain (Thailand), and Vietnam II strain (Vietnam). The infection rate was determined by dissecting and counting midgut oocysts or salivary glands during the second week after the infectious blood meal. An. freeborni, which were originally from Marysville, California, and have been maintained in the laboratory at CDC since 1944, were used as a positive control because this laboratory-selected colony has a high level of susceptibility to all strains of P. vivax.

Main Article

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¹The biologic diversity inherent in P. vivax already justifies the use of a trinomial system for naming its members that includes the designation of subspecies, a taxonomic character given formal recognition in the International Rules of Zoological Nomenclature. A subspecies is a population or group of populations inhabiting a geographic subdivision of the range of a species and differing from other populations by diagnostic morphologic characteristics.

²The designation of separate species does not require that the two organisms cannot mate and produce viable progeny, only that this does not happen with frequency in natural situations.

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