Volume 7, Number 2—April 2001
THEME ISSUE
4th Decennial International Conference on Nosocomial and Healthcare-Associated Infections

State of the Art

Engineering out the Risk of Infection with Urinary Catheters

Dennis G. Maki*  and Paul A. Tambyah†

Author affiliations: *University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; †National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore

Main Article

Table 3

Risk factors for catheter-associated urinary tract infection, based on prospective studies and use of multivariable statistical modeling (27–30)

Factor	Relative risk
Prolonged catheterization >6 days	5.1-6.8
Female gender	2.5-3.7
Catheter insertion outside operating room	2.0-5.3
Urology service	2.0-4.0
Other active sites of infection	2.3-2.4
Diabetes	2.2-2.3
Malnutrition	2.4
Azotemia (creatinine >2.0 mg/dL	2.1-2.6
Ureteral stent	2.5
Monitoring of urine output	2.0
Drainage tube below level of bladder and above collection bag	1.9
Antimicrobial-drug therapy	0.1-0.4

Main Article

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