Volume 7, Number 3—June 2001
Research
Goat-Associated Q Fever: A New Disease in Newfoundland
Todd F. Hatchette*, Robert C. Hudson†, Walter F. Schlech*, Nancy A. Campbell*, Jill E. Hatchette*, Sam Ratnam‡, Didier Raoult§, Catherine Donovan‡, and Thomas J. Marrie¶
Table 3
Exposure risks associated with Coxiella burnetii infection in the Newfoundland outbreak
| Risk factors | Infected no. (%) | Noninfected no. (%) | Odds ratio (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Visited a barn | 57/60 (95.0) | 63/86 (73.3) | 6.94 (1.98-24.34) |
| Direct contact with goats | 54/60 (90.0) | 54/86 (62.8) | 5.33 (2.06-13.79) |
| Milking | 19/60 (31.7) | 3/85 (3.5) | 12.67 (3.54-45.29) |
| Assisting with kidding | 29/60 (48.3) | 6/85 (7.1) | 12.32 (4.66-32.57) |
| Handling placentaa | 31/60 (51.6) | 7/86 (8.1) | 12.06 (4.79-30.39) |
| Shoveling manure | 37/60 (61.7) | 19/84 (22.6) | 5.50 (2.65-11.41) |
| Feeding | 39/57 (68.4) | 29/85 (34.2) | 4.17 (2.06-8.43) |
| Petting goatsa | 52/60 (86.7) | 51/85 (60.0) | 4.33 (1.83-10.26) |
| Farmer | 8/60 (13.3) | 1/85 (1.2) | 12.92 (1.57-106.32) |
| Farm worker | 34/60 (56.7) | 24/86 (27.9) | 3.38 (1.67-6.77) |
| Household contact, visited farm | 13/60 (21.7) | 35/85 (41.2) | 0.40 (0.19-0.84) |
| Household contact, no farm visit | 2/60 (3.3) | 23/85 (27.1) | 0.09 (0.02-0.41) |
| Ate goat cheesea | 17/60 (28.3) | 6/86 (7.0) | 5.27 (1.94-14.35) |
| Smokeda | 36/58 (62.1) | 28/84 (33.3) | 3.27 (1.63-6.58) |
| Drank alcohol | 37/57 (64.9) | 38/84 (45.2) | 2.08 (1.04-4.13) |
| Have liver problems | 5/53 (9.4) | 2/72 (2.8) | 3.65 (0.68-19.57) |
| Have cats | 25/59 (42.4) | 30/86 (34.9) | 1.37 (0.70-2.71) |
| Drink goat milk | 19/60 (31.7) | 27/86 (31.4) | 1.01 (0.50-2.06) |
aBy logistic regression model, the following were statistically significant: Contact with placenta (p<0.001); smoking history (p=0.001); eating goat cheese (p=0.022); and petting goats (p=0.055).
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