Volume 8, Number 1—January 2002
Research
A Large Outbreak of Legionnaires’ Disease at a Flower Show, the Netherlands, 1999
Jeroen W. Den Boer*†
, Ed P.F. Yzerman‡, Joop Schellekens*, Kamilla D. Lettinga§, Hendriek C. Boshuizen*, Jim E. Van Steenbergen¶, Arnold Bosman*, Susan Van den Hof*, Hans A. Van Vliet*, Marcel F. Peeters#, Ruud J. Van Ketel§, Peter Speelman§, Jacob L. Kool*, and Marina A.E. Conyn Van Spaendonck*
, Ed P.F. Yzerman‡, Joop Schellekens*, Kamilla D. Lettinga§, Hendriek C. Boshuizen*, Jim E. Van Steenbergen¶, Arnold Bosman*, Susan Van den Hof*, Hans A. Van Vliet*, Marcel F. Peeters#, Ruud J. Van Ketel§, Peter Speelman§, Jacob L. Kool*, and Marina A.E. Conyn Van Spaendonck*Table 1
Positive diagnostic tests results for 188 cases (133 confirmed and 55 probable) of Legionellosis, the Netherlands, 1999a
| Culture | Urinary antigen | Fourfold rise in titer | Direct immunofluorescence | PCRb | Single high titer | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Culture | 29 | 24 | 3 | 2 | 11 | 4 |
| Urinary antigen | 24 | 100 | 25 | 1 | 15 | 12 |
| Fourfold rise in titer | 3 | 25 | 53 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Direct immunofluorescence | 2 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| PCR | 11 | 15 | 1 | 1 | 18 | 3 |
| Single high titer | 4 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 18 |
aThe table is read as follows: of 29 patients who had positive cultures, 24 were positive by urinary antigen, 3 had a fourfold rise in titer, 2 were positive by direct immunofluorescence, and 11 by PCR, and 4 had single high titers.
bPCR = polymerase chain reaction.
1A bubblemat is an inflatable rubber mat that causes a whirlpool-like effect when placed in a normal bathtub.
