Emerging Infectious Disease ISSN: 1080-6059

Antecedent Treatment with Different Antibiotic Agents as a Risk Factor for Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus

Yehuda Carmeli*†

, George M. Eliopoulos*†, and Matthew H. Samore*†

Author affiliations: *Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; †Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA;

Patient characteristics and matched univariate analysis for isolation of nosocomial vancomycin-resistant enterococci

Variable	Cases (%) (233)	Control (%) (647)	Odds ratio	p value
Age^a	61.7	62.3	.999	0.76
Gender (female)	114 (49)	292 (45)	1.2	0.34
Main admitting diagnosis
Orthopedic condition	5 (6.4)	53 (8.2)	R	R
Cardiovascular condition	49 (21)	236 (36)	0.37	<0.001
Endocrine disorder	6 (2.6)	13 (2)	1.3	0.6
Gastrointestinal disorder	77 (33)	160 (25)	1.7	0.005
Genitourinary disorder	18 (7.7)	35 (5.4)	1.4	0.21
Infectious disease	26 (11)	19 (3)	3.7	<0.001
Hematologic disease	5 (2.1)	12 (1.9)	0.83	0.7
Neurologic disease	18 (7.7)	69 (10.7)	0.72	0.3
Pulmonary disease	19 (8.1)	49 (7.6)	1.1	0.8
Coexisting conditions
Cardiovascular disease	160 (69)	460 (71)	0.85	0.36
Lung disease	32 (14)	88 (14)	1	0.95
Diabetes mellitus	127 (55)	262 (40)	1.9	<0.001
Organ transplant recipient	39 (17)	45 (7)	2.9	<0.001
Renal disease	57 (24)	103 (16)	1.6	0.013
Cancer	25 (11)	93 (14)	.71	0.18
AIDS	2 (1)	8 (1)	.75	0.7
Hepatobiliary disease	65 (28)	97 (15)	2.5	<0.001
Charlson comorbidity score^a	3.2	2.7	1.114	0.003
Transfer from an institution	84 (36)	243 (37)	0.9	0.56
Surgery	67 (29)	211 (33)	0.55	0.01
Admission to ICU	65 (28)	169 (26)	.78	0.38
MRSA
During current admission	18 (8)	16 (2.5)	3.9	0.001
In past year	28 (12)	26 (4)	3.5	<0.001
Clostridium difficile
During current admission	5 (2.1)	10 (1.5)	1.3	0.59
In past year	17 (7.3)	20 (3.1)	2.6	0.006

^aContinuous variable.
R, reference group; MRSA, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.