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Volume 9, Number 5—May 2003
Perspective

Planning against Biological Terrorism: Lessons from Outbreak Investigations

David A. Ashford*Comments to Author , Robyn M. Kaiser*, Michael E. Bales*, Kathleen Shutt*, Amee Patrawalla*, Andre McShan*, Jordan W. Tappero*, Bradley A. Perkins*, and Andrew L. Dannenberg*
Author affiliations: *Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA

Main Article

Table 1

Epidemic Intelligence Service field investigations involving unknown agents and potential agents of bioterrorism, 1988–1999

Agent Frequency % of investigations (n = 1,099)
Unknown infectious agenta
41
3.7
Vibrio choleresis
18
1.6
Yersinia pestis
11
1.0
Viral hemorrhagic fever virus
7
0.6
Bacillus anthracis
3
0.3
Clostridium botulinum
3
0.3
Coxiella burnetii
1
0.1
Francisella tularensis
1
0.1
Total 85 7.7

aIn these cases, the outbreak was considered to be caused by an infectious agent because of the characteristics of the illness and outbreak.

Main Article

Page created: December 08, 2010
Page updated: December 08, 2010
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The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
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