Volume 9, Number 9—September 2003
Research
Reemergence of Epidemic Vibrio cholerae O139, Bangladesh
Shah M. Faruque*, Nityananda Chowdhury*, M. Kamruzzaman*, Q. Shafi Ahmad*, A.S.G. Faruque*, M. Abdus Salam*, T. Ramamurthy†, G. Balakrish Nair*, Andrej Weintraub‡, and David A. Sack*
Table
Comparative analysis of 63 Vibrio cholerae O139 strains isolated from recent epidemic in Bangladesh versus O139 strains isolated between 1993 and 1998 in different countries
| Y of isolation | Country | No. of isolates | Ribotypea | Presence of genesb |
STX genotypea | Antibiogramc | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| rstRET | rstRClas | rstRCal | rstC | ||||||
| 1993 |
Bangladesh |
5 |
B-I |
+ |
- |
- |
+ |
A |
SR, SXTR |
| 1993 |
Bangladesh |
1 |
B-II |
+ |
- |
- |
+ |
B |
SR, SXTR |
| 1993–1995 |
Bangladesh |
5 |
B-II |
+ |
- |
- |
+ |
A |
SR, SXTR |
| 1997 |
Bangladesh |
3 |
B-II |
+ |
- |
- |
+ |
C |
Susceptibleb |
| 1997 |
Bangladesh |
3 |
B-III |
+ |
- |
- |
+ |
C |
Susceptibleb |
| 1992 |
India |
3 |
B-I |
+ |
- |
- |
+ |
A |
SR, SXTR |
| 1993 |
India |
1 |
B-V |
+ |
- |
- |
+ |
A |
AR, SR, SXTR |
| 1994 |
India |
1 |
B-IV |
+ |
- |
- |
+ |
A |
SR, SXTR |
| 1996 |
India |
2 |
B-II |
+ |
- |
- |
+ |
A |
AR, FzR, SR, SXTR |
| 1998 |
Thailand |
2 |
B-I |
+ |
- |
- |
+ |
A |
SR, SXTR |
| 2002 | Bangladesh | 63 | B-II | + | - | + | + | C | NalR |
a Ribotypes and SXT genotypes are based on BglI restriction patterns of the respective genes and their flanking chromosomal sequence.
bAll strains were positive for tcpA, tcpI, acfB, toxT, ctxA, zot, and ToxR genes as well as for the O139-specific genomic DNA in DNA probe or polymerase chain reaction assays.
cAll strains were susceptible to tetracycline, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, nalidixic acid, streptomycin, trimethoprim, and sulfamethoxazole.
