Skip directly to site content Skip directly to page options Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link
Issue Cover for Volume 18, Number 5—May 2012

Volume 18, Number 5—May 2012

[PDF - 6.76 MB - 191 pages]

Research

Medscape CME Activity
Risk Factors for Intestinal Invasive Amebiasis in Japan, 2003–2009 [PDF - 562 KB - 8 pages]
N. Nagata et al.

We determined yearly change in prevalence and risk factors for amebic colitis caused by intestinal invasive amebiasis among persons who underwent endoscopy and assessed differences between HIV-positive and HIV-negative persons in Japan. A total of 10,930 patients were selected for analysis, of whom 54 had amebic colitis. Prevalence was in 2009 (0.88%, 12/1360) compared with 2003 (0.16%, 3/1904). Male sex (odds ratio [OR] 8.39, 95% CI 1.99–35.40), age <50 years (OR 4.73, 95% CI 2.43–9.20), history of syphilis (OR 2.90, 95% CI 1.40–5.99), and HIV infection (OR 15.85, 95% CI 7.93–31.70) were independent risk factors. No differences in risk factors were identified between HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients. Contact with commercial sex workers was a new risk factor among HIV-negative patients. Homosexual intercourse, rather than immunosuppressed status, appears to be a risk factor among HIV-positive patients.

EID Nagata N, Shimbo T, Akiyama J, Nakashima R, Nishimura S, Yada T, et al. Risk Factors for Intestinal Invasive Amebiasis in Japan, 2003–2009. Emerg Infect Dis. 2012;18(5):717-724. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1805.111275
AMA Nagata N, Shimbo T, Akiyama J, et al. Risk Factors for Intestinal Invasive Amebiasis in Japan, 2003–2009. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2012;18(5):717-724. doi:10.3201/eid1805.111275.
APA Nagata, N., Shimbo, T., Akiyama, J., Nakashima, R., Nishimura, S., Yada, T....Uemura, N. (2012). Risk Factors for Intestinal Invasive Amebiasis in Japan, 2003–2009. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 18(5), 717-724. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1805.111275.

Medscape CME Activity
Invasive Haemophilus influenzae Serotype e and f Disease, England and Wales [PDF - 300 KB - 8 pages]
S. N. Ladhani et al.

Haemophilus influenzae infection causes serious invasive disease, but incidence of the most virulent serotype, Hib, has dropped since introduction of routine Hib vaccination. In England and Wales, the incidence of 2 other serotypes, Hie and Hif, is increasing; during 2001–2010, there was an 11.0% year-on-year increase in Hif and a 7.4% increase in Hie. In 2009–2010, Hif incidence was 0.090/100,000 persons and Hie incidence 0.030/100,000, with higher rates among infants and older adults. Hie had a more severe clinical course; although outcome at 6 months was comparable for the 2 serotypes, case-fatality rate within 7 days of diagnosis was higher for Hie, even after adjustment for age and comorbidities. Multilocus sequence typing revealed a single major circulating clone for both Hif (sequence type 124; 89/99 isolates, 90%) and Hie (sequence type 18; 21/33, 64%), but no association between type and clinical disease or outcome was found.

EID Ladhani SN, Collins S, Vickers A, Litt DJ, Crawford C, Ramsay ME, et al. Invasive Haemophilus influenzae Serotype e and f Disease, England and Wales. Emerg Infect Dis. 2012;18(5):725-732. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1805.111738
AMA Ladhani SN, Collins S, Vickers A, et al. Invasive Haemophilus influenzae Serotype e and f Disease, England and Wales. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2012;18(5):725-732. doi:10.3201/eid1805.111738.
APA Ladhani, S. N., Collins, S., Vickers, A., Litt, D. J., Crawford, C., Ramsay, M. E....Slack, M. (2012). Invasive Haemophilus influenzae Serotype e and f Disease, England and Wales. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 18(5), 725-732. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1805.111738.

Epidemic of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease, Western Canada, 2005–2009 [PDF - 285 KB - 8 pages]
G. J. Tyrrell et al.

In Canada before 2005, large outbreaks of pneumococcal disease, including invasive pneumococcal disease caused by serotype 5, were rare. Since then, an epidemic of serotype 5 invasive pneumococcal disease was reported: 52 cases during 2005, 393 during 2006, 457 during 2007, 104 during 2008, and 42 during in 2009. Of these 1,048 cases, 1,043 (99.5%) occurred in the western provinces of Canada. Median patient age was 41 years, and most (659 [59.3%]) patients were male. Most frequently representing serotype 5 cases (compared with a subset of persons with non–serotype 5 cases) were persons who were of First Nations heritage or homeless. Restriction fragment-length polymorphism typing indicated that the epidemic was caused by a single clone, which multilocus sequence typing identified as sequence type 289. Large pneumococcal epidemics might go unrecognized without surveillance programs to document fluctuations in serotype prevalence.

EID Tyrrell GJ, Lovgren M, Ibrahim Q, Garg S, Chui L, Boone TJ, et al. Epidemic of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease, Western Canada, 2005–2009. Emerg Infect Dis. 2012;18(5):733-740. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1805.110235
AMA Tyrrell GJ, Lovgren M, Ibrahim Q, et al. Epidemic of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease, Western Canada, 2005–2009. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2012;18(5):733-740. doi:10.3201/eid1805.110235.
APA Tyrrell, G. J., Lovgren, M., Ibrahim, Q., Garg, S., Chui, L., Boone, T. J....Marrie, T. J. (2012). Epidemic of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease, Western Canada, 2005–2009. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 18(5), 733-740. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1805.110235.

Antimicrobial Drug Resistance in Escherichia coli from Humans and Food Animals, United States, 1950–2002 [PDF - 484 KB - 9 pages]
D. A. Tadesse et al.

We conducted a retrospective study of Escherichia coli isolates recovered from human and food animal samples during 1950–2002 to assess historical changes in antimicrobial drug resistance. A total of 1,729 E. coli isolates (983 from humans, 323 from cattle, 138 from chickens, and 285 from pigs) were tested for susceptibility to 15 antimicrobial drugs. A significant upward trend in resistance was observed for ampicillin (p<0.001), sulfonamide (p<0.001), and tetracycline (p<0.001). Animal strains showed increased resistance to 11/15 antimicrobial agents, including ampicillin (p<0.001), sulfonamide (p<0.01), and gentamicin (p<0.001). Multidrug resistance (≥3 antimicrobial drug classes) in E. coli increased from 7.2% during the 1950s to 63.6% during the 2000s. The most frequent co-resistant phenotype observed was to tetracycline and streptomycin (29.7%), followed by tetracycline and sulfonamide (29.0%). These data describe the evolution of resistance after introduction of new antimicrobial agents into clinical medicine and help explain the range of resistance in modern E. coli isolates.

EID Tadesse DA, Zhao S, Tong E, Ayers S, Singh A, Bartholomew MJ, et al. Antimicrobial Drug Resistance in Escherichia coli from Humans and Food Animals, United States, 1950–2002. Emerg Infect Dis. 2012;18(5):741-749. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1805.111153
AMA Tadesse DA, Zhao S, Tong E, et al. Antimicrobial Drug Resistance in Escherichia coli from Humans and Food Animals, United States, 1950–2002. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2012;18(5):741-749. doi:10.3201/eid1805.111153.
APA Tadesse, D. A., Zhao, S., Tong, E., Ayers, S., Singh, A., Bartholomew, M. J....McDermott, P. F. (2012). Antimicrobial Drug Resistance in Escherichia coli from Humans and Food Animals, United States, 1950–2002. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 18(5), 741-749. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1805.111153.

Novel Strain of Andes Virus Associated with Fatal Human Infection, Central Bolivia [PDF - 367 KB - 8 pages]
C. D. Cruz et al.

To better describe the genetic diversity of hantaviruses associated with human illness in South America, we screened blood samples from febrile patients in Chapare Province in central Bolivia during 2008–2009 for recent hantavirus infection. Hantavirus RNA was detected in 3 patients, including 1 who died. Partial RNA sequences of small and medium segments from the 3 patients were most closely related to Andes virus lineages but distinct (<90% nt identity) from reported strains. A survey for IgG against hantaviruses among residents of Chapare Province indicated that 12.2% of the population had past exposure to >1 hantaviruses; the highest prevalence was among agricultural workers. Because of the high level of human exposure to hantavirus strains and the severity of resulting disease, additional studies are warranted to determine the reservoirs, ecologic range, and public health effect of this novel strain of hantavirus.

EID Cruz CD, Forshey BM, Vallejo E, Agudo R, Vargas J, Blazes DL, et al. Novel Strain of Andes Virus Associated with Fatal Human Infection, Central Bolivia. Emerg Infect Dis. 2012;18(5):750-757. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1805.111111
AMA Cruz CD, Forshey BM, Vallejo E, et al. Novel Strain of Andes Virus Associated with Fatal Human Infection, Central Bolivia. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2012;18(5):750-757. doi:10.3201/eid1805.111111.
APA Cruz, C. D., Forshey, B. M., Vallejo, E., Agudo, R., Vargas, J., Blazes, D. L....Kochel, T. J. (2012). Novel Strain of Andes Virus Associated with Fatal Human Infection, Central Bolivia. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 18(5), 750-757. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1805.111111.

Transmission Dynamics, Border Entry Screening, and School Holidays during the 2009 Influenza A (H1N1) Pandemic, China [PDF - 726 KB - 9 pages]
E. Chen et al.

Pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 virus spread rapidly around the world in 2009. We used multiple data sources from surveillance systems and specific investigations to characterize the transmission patterns of this virus in China during May–November 2009 and analyze the effectiveness of border entry screening and holiday-related school closures on transmission. In China, age distribution and transmission dynamic characteristics were similar to those in Northern Hemisphere temperate countries. The epidemic was focused in children, with an effective reproduction number of ≈1.2–1.3. The 8 days of national holidays in October reduced the effective reproduction number by 37% (95% credible interval 28%–45%) and increased underreporting by ≈20%–30%. Border entry screening detected at most 37% of international travel–related cases, with most (89%) persons identified as having fever at time of entry. These findings suggest that border entry screening was unlikely to have delayed spread in China by >4 days.

EID Chen E, Cauchemez S, Donnelly CA, Zhou L, Feng L, Xiang N, et al. Transmission Dynamics, Border Entry Screening, and School Holidays during the 2009 Influenza A (H1N1) Pandemic, China. Emerg Infect Dis. 2012;18(5):758-766. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1805.110356
AMA Chen E, Cauchemez S, Donnelly CA, et al. Transmission Dynamics, Border Entry Screening, and School Holidays during the 2009 Influenza A (H1N1) Pandemic, China. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2012;18(5):758-766. doi:10.3201/eid1805.110356.
APA Chen, E., Cauchemez, S., Donnelly, C. A., Zhou, L., Feng, L., Xiang, N....Feng, Z. (2012). Transmission Dynamics, Border Entry Screening, and School Holidays during the 2009 Influenza A (H1N1) Pandemic, China. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 18(5), 758-766. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1805.110356.

Temporal Trends in Bordetella pertussis Populations, Denmark, 1949–2010 [PDF - 532 KB - 8 pages]
R. Petersen et al.

We used multilocus variable-number tandem repeat analysis and multiple antigen sequence typing to characterize isolates of Bordetella pertussis strains circulating in Denmark during periods with and without pertussis vaccination coverage. Our results show substantial shifts in the B. pertussis population over time and a reduction in genetic diversity. These changes might have resulted from the introduction of pertussis vaccines in Denmark and other parts of Europe. The predominant strains currently circulating in Denmark resemble those in other European countries.

EID Petersen R, Dalby T, Dragsted D, Mooi F, Lambertsen L. Temporal Trends in Bordetella pertussis Populations, Denmark, 1949–2010. Emerg Infect Dis. 2012;18(5):767-774. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1805.110812
AMA Petersen R, Dalby T, Dragsted D, et al. Temporal Trends in Bordetella pertussis Populations, Denmark, 1949–2010. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2012;18(5):767-774. doi:10.3201/eid1805.110812.
APA Petersen, R., Dalby, T., Dragsted, D., Mooi, F., & Lambertsen, L. (2012). Temporal Trends in Bordetella pertussis Populations, Denmark, 1949–2010. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 18(5), 767-774. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1805.110812.

A Spatial Analysis of Individual- and Neighborhood-Level Determinants of Malaria Incidence in Adults, Ontario, Canada [PDF - 332 KB - 8 pages]
R. Eckhardt et al.

Malaria, once endemic in Canada, is now restricted to imported cases. Imported malaria in Canada has not been examined recently in the context of increased international mobility, which may influence incidence of imported and autochthonous cases. Surveillance of imported cases can highlight high-risk populations and help target prevention and control measures. To identify geographic and individual determinants of malaria incidence in Ontario, Canada, we conducted a descriptive spatial analysis. We then compared characteristics of case-patients and controls. Case-patients were significantly more likely to be male and live in low-income neighborhoods that had a higher proportion of residents who had emigrated from malaria-endemic regions. This method’s usefulness in clarifying the local patterns of imported malaria in Ontario shows its potential to help identify areas and populations at highest risk for imported and emerging infectious disease.

EID Eckhardt R, Berrang-Ford L, Ross NA, Pillai DR, Buckeridge DL. A Spatial Analysis of Individual- and Neighborhood-Level Determinants of Malaria Incidence in Adults, Ontario, Canada. Emerg Infect Dis. 2012;18(5):775-782. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1805.110602
AMA Eckhardt R, Berrang-Ford L, Ross NA, et al. A Spatial Analysis of Individual- and Neighborhood-Level Determinants of Malaria Incidence in Adults, Ontario, Canada. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2012;18(5):775-782. doi:10.3201/eid1805.110602.
APA Eckhardt, R., Berrang-Ford, L., Ross, N. A., Pillai, D. R., & Buckeridge, D. L. (2012). A Spatial Analysis of Individual- and Neighborhood-Level Determinants of Malaria Incidence in Adults, Ontario, Canada. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 18(5), 775-782. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1805.110602.

Bartonella spp. Bacteremia and Rheumatic Symptoms in Patients from Lyme Disease–endemic Region [PDF - 245 KB - 9 pages]
R. G. Maggi et al.

Bartonella spp. infection has been reported in association with an expanding spectrum of symptoms and lesions. Among 296 patients examined by a rheumatologist, prevalence of antibodies against Bartonella henselae, B. koehlerae, or B. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii (185 [62%]) and Bartonella spp. bacteremia (122 [41.1%]) was high. Conditions diagnosed before referral included Lyme disease (46.6%), arthralgia/arthritis (20.6%), chronic fatigue (19.6%), and fibromyalgia (6.1%). B. henselae bacteremia was significantly associated with prior referral to a neurologist, most often for blurred vision, subcortical neurologic deficits, or numbness in the extremities, whereas B. koehlerae bacteremia was associated with examination by an infectious disease physician. This cross-sectional study cannot establish a causal link between Bartonella spp. infection and the high frequency of neurologic symptoms, myalgia, joint pain, or progressive arthropathy in this population; however, the contribution of Bartonella spp. infection, if any, to these symptoms should be systematically investigated.

EID Maggi RG, Mozayeni B, Pultorak EL, Hegarty BC, Bradley JM, Correa M, et al. Bartonella spp. Bacteremia and Rheumatic Symptoms in Patients from Lyme Disease–endemic Region. Emerg Infect Dis. 2012;18(5):783-791. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1805.111366
AMA Maggi RG, Mozayeni B, Pultorak EL, et al. Bartonella spp. Bacteremia and Rheumatic Symptoms in Patients from Lyme Disease–endemic Region. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2012;18(5):783-791. doi:10.3201/eid1805.111366.
APA Maggi, R. G., Mozayeni, B., Pultorak, E. L., Hegarty, B. C., Bradley, J. M., Correa, M....Breitschwerdt, E. B. (2012). Bartonella spp. Bacteremia and Rheumatic Symptoms in Patients from Lyme Disease–endemic Region. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 18(5), 783-791. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1805.111366.

Characterization of Virulent West Nile Virus Kunjin Strain, Australia, 2011 [PDF - 419 KB - 9 pages]
M. J. Frost et al.

To determine the cause of an unprecedented outbreak of encephalitis among horses in New South Wales, Australia, in 2011, we performed genomic sequencing of viruses isolated from affected horses and mosquitoes. Results showed that most of the cases were caused by a variant West Nile virus (WNV) strain, WNVNSW2011, that is most closely related to WNV Kunjin (WNVKUN), the indigenous WNV strain in Australia. Studies in mouse models for WNV pathogenesis showed that WNVNSW2011 is substantially more neuroinvasive than the prototype WNVKUN strain. In WNVNSW2011, this apparent increase in virulence over that of the prototype strain correlated with at least 2 known markers of WNV virulence that are not found in WNVKUN. Additional studies are needed to determine the relationship of the WNVNSW2011 strain to currently and previously circulating WNVKUN strains and to confirm the cause of the increased virulence of this emerging WNV strain.

EID Frost MJ, Zhang J, Edmonds JH, Prow NA, Gu X, Davis R, et al. Characterization of Virulent West Nile Virus Kunjin Strain, Australia, 2011. Emerg Infect Dis. 2012;18(5):792-800. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1805.111720
AMA Frost MJ, Zhang J, Edmonds JH, et al. Characterization of Virulent West Nile Virus Kunjin Strain, Australia, 2011. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2012;18(5):792-800. doi:10.3201/eid1805.111720.
APA Frost, M. J., Zhang, J., Edmonds, J. H., Prow, N. A., Gu, X., Davis, R....Kirkland, P. D. (2012). Characterization of Virulent West Nile Virus Kunjin Strain, Australia, 2011. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 18(5), 792-800. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1805.111720.

No Association between 2008–09 Influenza Vaccine and Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Virus Infection, Manitoba, Canada, 2009 [PDF - 246 KB - 10 pages]
S. M. Mahmud et al.

We conducted a population-based study in Manitoba, Canada, to investigate whether use of inactivated trivalent influenza vaccine (TIV) during the 2008–09 influenza season was associated with subsequent infection with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus during the first wave of the 2009 pandemic. Data were obtained from a provincewide population-based immunization registry and laboratory-based influenza surveillance system. The test-negative case–control study included 831 case-patients with confirmed influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus infection and 2,479 controls, participants with test results negative for influenza A and B viruses. For the association of TIV receipt with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus infection, the fully adjusted odds ratio was 1.0 (95% CI 0.7–1.4). Among case-patients, receipt of 2008–09 TIV was associated with a statistically nonsignificant 49% reduction in risk for hospitalization. In agreement with study findings outside Canada, our study in Manitoba indicates that the 2008–09 TIV neither increased nor decreased the risk for infection with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus.

EID Mahmud SM, Van Caeseele P, Hammond G, Kurbis C, Hilderman T, Elliott L. No Association between 2008–09 Influenza Vaccine and Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Virus Infection, Manitoba, Canada, 2009. Emerg Infect Dis. 2012;18(5):801-810. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1805.111596
AMA Mahmud SM, Van Caeseele P, Hammond G, et al. No Association between 2008–09 Influenza Vaccine and Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Virus Infection, Manitoba, Canada, 2009. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2012;18(5):801-810. doi:10.3201/eid1805.111596.
APA Mahmud, S. M., Van Caeseele, P., Hammond, G., Kurbis, C., Hilderman, T., & Elliott, L. (2012). No Association between 2008–09 Influenza Vaccine and Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Virus Infection, Manitoba, Canada, 2009. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 18(5), 801-810. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1805.111596.
Dispatches

Use of Spatial Information to Predict Multidrug Resistance in Tuberculosis Patients, Peru [PDF - 239 KB - 3 pages]
H. Lin et al.

To determine whether spatiotemporal information could help predict multidrug resistance at the time of tuberculosis diagnosis, we investigated tuberculosis patients who underwent drug susceptibility testing in Lima, Peru, during 2005–2007. We found that crude representation of spatial location at the level of the health center improved prediction of multidrug resistance.

EID Lin H, Shin SS, Contreras C, Asencios L, Paciorek CJ, Cohen T. Use of Spatial Information to Predict Multidrug Resistance in Tuberculosis Patients, Peru. Emerg Infect Dis. 2012;18(5):811-813. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1805.111467
AMA Lin H, Shin SS, Contreras C, et al. Use of Spatial Information to Predict Multidrug Resistance in Tuberculosis Patients, Peru. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2012;18(5):811-813. doi:10.3201/eid1805.111467.
APA Lin, H., Shin, S. S., Contreras, C., Asencios, L., Paciorek, C. J., & Cohen, T. (2012). Use of Spatial Information to Predict Multidrug Resistance in Tuberculosis Patients, Peru. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 18(5), 811-813. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1805.111467.

Influenza Virus A (H10N7) in Chickens and Poultry Abattoir Workers, Australia [PDF - 188 KB - 3 pages]
G. G. Arzey et al.

In March 2010, an outbreak of low pathogenicity avian influenza A (H10N7) occurred on a chicken farm in Australia. After processing clinically normal birds from the farm, 7 abattoir workers reported conjunctivitis and minor upper respiratory tract symptoms. Influenza virus A subtype H10 infection was detected in 2 workers.

EID Arzey GG, Kirkland PD, Arzey K, Frost M, Maywood P, Conaty S, et al. Influenza Virus A (H10N7) in Chickens and Poultry Abattoir Workers, Australia. Emerg Infect Dis. 2012;18(5):814-816. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1805.111852
AMA Arzey GG, Kirkland PD, Arzey K, et al. Influenza Virus A (H10N7) in Chickens and Poultry Abattoir Workers, Australia. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2012;18(5):814-816. doi:10.3201/eid1805.111852.
APA Arzey, G. G., Kirkland, P. D., Arzey, K., Frost, M., Maywood, P., Conaty, S....Selleck, P. (2012). Influenza Virus A (H10N7) in Chickens and Poultry Abattoir Workers, Australia. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 18(5), 814-816. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1805.111852.

Influenza A and B Virus Attachment to Respiratory Tract in Marine Mammals [PDF - 567 KB - 4 pages]
A. J. Ramis et al.

Patterns of virus attachment to the respiratory tract of 4 marine mammal species were determined for avian and human influenza viruses. Attachment of avian influenza A viruses (H4N5) and (H7N7) and human influenza B viruses to trachea and bronchi of harbor seals is consistent with reported influenza outbreaks in this species.

EID Ramis AJ, van Riel D, van de Bildt MW, Osterhaus A, Kuiken T. Influenza A and B Virus Attachment to Respiratory Tract in Marine Mammals. Emerg Infect Dis. 2012;18(5):817-820. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1805.111828
AMA Ramis AJ, van Riel D, van de Bildt MW, et al. Influenza A and B Virus Attachment to Respiratory Tract in Marine Mammals. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2012;18(5):817-820. doi:10.3201/eid1805.111828.
APA Ramis, A. J., van Riel, D., van de Bildt, M. W., Osterhaus, A., & Kuiken, T. (2012). Influenza A and B Virus Attachment to Respiratory Tract in Marine Mammals. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 18(5), 817-820. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1805.111828.

Coxsackievirus A21, Enterovirus 68, and Acute Respiratory Tract Infection, China [PDF - 234 KB - 4 pages]
Z. Xiang et al.

During August 2006–April 2010, in Beijing, China, 2 rare human enterovirus serotypes, coxsackievirus A21 and enterovirus 68, were detected most frequently in human enterovirus–positive adults with acute respiratory tract infections. Thus, during some years, these 2 viruses cause a substantial proportion of enterovirus-associated adult acute respiratory tract infections.

EID Xiang Z, Gonzalez R, Wang Z, Ren L, Xiao Y, Li J, et al. Coxsackievirus A21, Enterovirus 68, and Acute Respiratory Tract Infection, China. Emerg Infect Dis. 2012;18(5):821-824. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1805.111376
AMA Xiang Z, Gonzalez R, Wang Z, et al. Coxsackievirus A21, Enterovirus 68, and Acute Respiratory Tract Infection, China. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2012;18(5):821-824. doi:10.3201/eid1805.111376.
APA Xiang, Z., Gonzalez, R., Wang, Z., Ren, L., Xiao, Y., Li, J....Wang, J. (2012). Coxsackievirus A21, Enterovirus 68, and Acute Respiratory Tract Infection, China. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 18(5), 821-824. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1805.111376.

Unsuspected Rickettsioses among Patients with Acute Febrile Illness, Sri Lanka, 2007 [PDF - 305 KB - 5 pages]
M. E. Reller et al.

We studied rickettsioses in southern Sri Lanka. Of 883 febrile patients with paired serum samples, 156 (17.7%) had acute rickettsioses; rickettsioses were unsuspected at presentation. Additionally, 342 (38.7%) had exposure to spotted fever and/or typhus group rickettsioses and 121 (13.7%) scrub typhus. Increased awareness of rickettsioses and better tests are needed.

EID Reller ME, Bodinayake C, Nagahawatte A, Devasiri V, Kodikara-Arachichi W, Strouse JJ, et al. Unsuspected Rickettsioses among Patients with Acute Febrile Illness, Sri Lanka, 2007. Emerg Infect Dis. 2012;18(5):825-829. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1805.111563
AMA Reller ME, Bodinayake C, Nagahawatte A, et al. Unsuspected Rickettsioses among Patients with Acute Febrile Illness, Sri Lanka, 2007. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2012;18(5):825-829. doi:10.3201/eid1805.111563.
APA Reller, M. E., Bodinayake, C., Nagahawatte, A., Devasiri, V., Kodikara-Arachichi, W., Strouse, J. J....Dumler, J. (2012). Unsuspected Rickettsioses among Patients with Acute Febrile Illness, Sri Lanka, 2007. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 18(5), 825-829. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1805.111563.

Origin of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 in Rural Côte d’Ivoire [PDF - 246 KB - 4 pages]
S. Calvignac-Spencer et al.

Simian T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (STLV-1) strains occasionally infect humans. However, the frequency of such infections is unknown. We show that direct transmission of STLV-1 from nonhuman primates to humans may be responsible for a substantial proportion of human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 infections in rural Côte d’Ivoire, where primate hunting is common.

EID Calvignac-Spencer S, Adjogoua EV, Akoua-Koffi C, Hedemann C, Schubert G, Ellerbrok H, et al. Origin of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 in Rural Côte d’Ivoire. Emerg Infect Dis. 2012;18(5):830-833. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1805.111663
AMA Calvignac-Spencer S, Adjogoua EV, Akoua-Koffi C, et al. Origin of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 in Rural Côte d’Ivoire. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2012;18(5):830-833. doi:10.3201/eid1805.111663.
APA Calvignac-Spencer, S., Adjogoua, E. V., Akoua-Koffi, C., Hedemann, C., Schubert, G., Ellerbrok, H....Leendertz, F. H. (2012). Origin of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 in Rural Côte d’Ivoire. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 18(5), 830-833. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1805.111663.

Human Infections with Novel Reassortant Influenza A(H3N2)v Viruses, United States, 2011 [PDF - 303 KB - 4 pages]
S. Lindstrom et al.

During July–December 2011, a variant virus, influenza A(H3N2)v, caused 12 human cases of influenza. The virus contained genes originating from swine, avian, and human viruses, including the M gene from influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus. Influenza A(H3N2)v viruses were antigenically distinct from seasonal influenza viruses and similar to proposed vaccine virus A/Minnesota/11/2010.

EID Lindstrom S, Garten R, Balish A, Shu B, Emery S, Berman L, et al. Human Infections with Novel Reassortant Influenza A(H3N2)v Viruses, United States, 2011. Emerg Infect Dis. 2012;18(5):834-837. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1805.111922
AMA Lindstrom S, Garten R, Balish A, et al. Human Infections with Novel Reassortant Influenza A(H3N2)v Viruses, United States, 2011. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2012;18(5):834-837. doi:10.3201/eid1805.111922.
APA Lindstrom, S., Garten, R., Balish, A., Shu, B., Emery, S., Berman, L....Klimov, A. (2012). Human Infections with Novel Reassortant Influenza A(H3N2)v Viruses, United States, 2011. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 18(5), 834-837. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1805.111922.

Pigs as Natural Hosts of Dientamoeba fragilis Genotypes Found in Humans [PDF - 213 KB - 4 pages]
S. M. Cacciò et al.

Dientamoeba fragilis is a common intestinal parasite in humans. Transmission routes and natural host range are unknown. To determine whether pigs are hosts, we analyzed 152 fecal samples by microscopy and molecular methods. We confirmed that pigs are a natural host and harbor genotypes found in humans, suggesting zoonotic potential.

EID Cacciò SM, Sannella A, Manuali E, Tosini F, Sensi M, Crotti D, et al. Pigs as Natural Hosts of Dientamoeba fragilis Genotypes Found in Humans. Emerg Infect Dis. 2012;18(5):838-841. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1805.111093
AMA Cacciò SM, Sannella A, Manuali E, et al. Pigs as Natural Hosts of Dientamoeba fragilis Genotypes Found in Humans. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2012;18(5):838-841. doi:10.3201/eid1805.111093.
APA Cacciò, S. M., Sannella, A., Manuali, E., Tosini, F., Sensi, M., Crotti, D....Pozio, E. (2012). Pigs as Natural Hosts of Dientamoeba fragilis Genotypes Found in Humans. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 18(5), 838-841. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1805.111093.

Plasmodium vivax Malaria–associated Acute Kidney Injury, India, 2010–2011 [PDF - 336 KB - 4 pages]
V. B. Kute et al.

Plasmodium vivax is causing increasingly more cases of severe malaria worldwide. Among 25 cases in India during 2010–2011, associated conditions were renal failure, thrombocytopenia, jaundice, severe anemia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, shock, cerebral malaria, hypoglycemia, and death. Further studies are needed to determine why P. vivax malaria is becoming more severe.

EID Kute VB, Trivedi HL, Vanikar AV, Shah PR, Gumber MR, Patel HV, et al. Plasmodium vivax Malaria–associated Acute Kidney Injury, India, 2010–2011. Emerg Infect Dis. 2012;18(5):842-845. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1805.111442
AMA Kute VB, Trivedi HL, Vanikar AV, et al. Plasmodium vivax Malaria–associated Acute Kidney Injury, India, 2010–2011. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2012;18(5):842-845. doi:10.3201/eid1805.111442.
APA Kute, V. B., Trivedi, H. L., Vanikar, A. V., Shah, P. R., Gumber, M. R., Patel, H. V....Kanodia, K. V. (2012). Plasmodium vivax Malaria–associated Acute Kidney Injury, India, 2010–2011. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 18(5), 842-845. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1805.111442.

Novel Human Adenovirus Strain, Bangladesh [PDF - 271 KB - 3 pages]
Y. Matsushima et al.

We report a novel human adenovirus D (HAdV-65) isolated from feces of 4 children in Bangladesh who had acute gastroenteritis. Corresponding genes of HAdV-65 were related to a hexon gene of HAdV-10, penton base genes of HAdV-37 and HAdV-58, and a fiber gene of HAdV-9. This novel virus may be a serious threat to public health.

EID Matsushima Y, Shimizu H, Kano A, Nakajima E, Ishimaru Y, Dey S, et al. Novel Human Adenovirus Strain, Bangladesh. Emerg Infect Dis. 2012;18(5):846-848. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1805.111584
AMA Matsushima Y, Shimizu H, Kano A, et al. Novel Human Adenovirus Strain, Bangladesh. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2012;18(5):846-848. doi:10.3201/eid1805.111584.
APA Matsushima, Y., Shimizu, H., Kano, A., Nakajima, E., Ishimaru, Y., Dey, S....Ushijima, H. (2012). Novel Human Adenovirus Strain, Bangladesh. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 18(5), 846-848. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1805.111584.

Rhabdomyolysis Associated with Antimicrobial Drug–Resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae [PDF - 247 KB - 3 pages]
T. Oishi et al.

We describe a case of rhabdomyolysis in a patient infected with antimicrobial drug–resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae The patient’s acute-phase serum levels of interleukin-18 and tumor necrosis factor–α were high, which suggests a pathogenic role for M. pneumoniae. In an era of increasing antimicrobial drug resistance, a system for rapidly identifying resistant M. pneumoniae would be beneficial.

EID Oishi T, Narita M, Ohya H, Yamanaka T, Aizawa Y, Matsuo M, et al. Rhabdomyolysis Associated with Antimicrobial Drug–Resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Emerg Infect Dis. 2012;18(5):849-851. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1805.111149
AMA Oishi T, Narita M, Ohya H, et al. Rhabdomyolysis Associated with Antimicrobial Drug–Resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2012;18(5):849-851. doi:10.3201/eid1805.111149.
APA Oishi, T., Narita, M., Ohya, H., Yamanaka, T., Aizawa, Y., Matsuo, M....Taguchi, T. (2012). Rhabdomyolysis Associated with Antimicrobial Drug–Resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 18(5), 849-851. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1805.111149.

Human Adenovirus Type 7 Outbreak in Police Training Center, Malaysia, 2011 [PDF - 162 KB - 3 pages]
M. Yusof et al.

In March 2011, an outbreak of acute respiratory disease was reported at the Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia) Police Training Centre. Approximately 100 trainees were hospitalized and 5 were admitted to the intensive care unit. Three of these 5 trainees died. Human adenovirus type 7 was identified as the etiologic agent.

EID Yusof M, Rashid T, Thayan R, Othman K, Abu Hasan N, Adnan N, et al. Human Adenovirus Type 7 Outbreak in Police Training Center, Malaysia, 2011. Emerg Infect Dis. 2012;18(5):852-854. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1805.110865
AMA Yusof M, Rashid T, Thayan R, et al. Human Adenovirus Type 7 Outbreak in Police Training Center, Malaysia, 2011. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2012;18(5):852-854. doi:10.3201/eid1805.110865.
APA Yusof, M., Rashid, T., Thayan, R., Othman, K., Abu Hasan, N., Adnan, N....Saat, Z. (2012). Human Adenovirus Type 7 Outbreak in Police Training Center, Malaysia, 2011. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 18(5), 852-854. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1805.110865.

Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus–associated Meningitis, Southern Spain [PDF - 321 KB - 4 pages]
M. Pérez-Ruiz et al.

Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) was detected in 2 patients with acute meningitis in southern Spain within a 3-year period. Although the prevalence of LCMV infection was low (2 [1.3%] of 159 meningitis patients), it represents 2.9% of all pathogens detected. LCMV is a noteworthy agent of neurologic illness in immunocompetent persons.

EID Pérez-Ruiz M, Navarro-Marí J, Sánchez-Seco M, Gegúndez M, Palacios G, Savji N, et al. Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus–associated Meningitis, Southern Spain. Emerg Infect Dis. 2012;18(5):855-858. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1805.111646
AMA Pérez-Ruiz M, Navarro-Marí J, Sánchez-Seco M, et al. Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus–associated Meningitis, Southern Spain. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2012;18(5):855-858. doi:10.3201/eid1805.111646.
APA Pérez-Ruiz, M., Navarro-Marí, J., Sánchez-Seco, M., Gegúndez, M., Palacios, G., Savji, N....de Ory-Manchón, F. (2012). Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus–associated Meningitis, Southern Spain. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 18(5), 855-858. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1805.111646.

Diversity of Parvovirus 4–like Viruses in Humans, Chimpanzees, and Monkeys in Hunter–Prey Relationships [PDF - 298 KB - 4 pages]
C. Adlhoch et al.

During 2010–2011, we investigated interspecies transmission of partetraviruses between predators (humans and chimpanzees) and their prey (colobus monkeys) in Côte d’Ivoire. Despite widespread infection in all species investigated, no interspecies transmission could be detected by PCR and genome analysis. All sequences identified formed species- or subspecies (chimpanzee)-specific clusters, which supports a co-evolution hypothesis.

EID Adlhoch C, Kaiser M, Loewa A, Ulrich M, Forbrig C, Adjogoua EV, et al. Diversity of Parvovirus 4–like Viruses in Humans, Chimpanzees, and Monkeys in Hunter–Prey Relationships. Emerg Infect Dis. 2012;18(5):859-862. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1805.111849
AMA Adlhoch C, Kaiser M, Loewa A, et al. Diversity of Parvovirus 4–like Viruses in Humans, Chimpanzees, and Monkeys in Hunter–Prey Relationships. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2012;18(5):859-862. doi:10.3201/eid1805.111849.
APA Adlhoch, C., Kaiser, M., Loewa, A., Ulrich, M., Forbrig, C., Adjogoua, E. V....Leendertz, F. H. (2012). Diversity of Parvovirus 4–like Viruses in Humans, Chimpanzees, and Monkeys in Hunter–Prey Relationships. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 18(5), 859-862. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1805.111849.

Emergency Department Visits for Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, Davidson County, Tennessee, USA [PDF - 156 KB - 3 pages]
W. H. Self et al.

To determine the number of emergency department visits attributable to influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 in Davidson County, Tennessee, USA, we used active, population-based surveillance and laboratory-confirmed influenza data. We estimated ≈10 visits per 1,000 residents during the pandemic period. This estimate should help emergency departments prepare for future pandemics.

EID Self WH, Grijalva CG, Zhu Y, Talbot H, Jules A, Widmer KE, et al. Emergency Department Visits for Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, Davidson County, Tennessee, USA. Emerg Infect Dis. 2012;18(5):863-865. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1805.111233
AMA Self WH, Grijalva CG, Zhu Y, et al. Emergency Department Visits for Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, Davidson County, Tennessee, USA. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2012;18(5):863-865. doi:10.3201/eid1805.111233.
APA Self, W. H., Grijalva, C. G., Zhu, Y., Talbot, H., Jules, A., Widmer, K. E....Griffin, M. R. (2012). Emergency Department Visits for Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, Davidson County, Tennessee, USA. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 18(5), 863-865. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1805.111233.

Screening for Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, Auckland International Airport, New Zealand [PDF - 184 KB - 3 pages]
M. J. Hale et al.

Entry screening for influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 at Auckland International Airport, New Zealand, detected 4 cases, which were later confirmed, among 456,518 passengers arriving April 27–June 22, 2009. On the basis of national influenza surveillance data, which suggest that ≈69 infected travelers passed through the airport, sensitivity for screening was only 5.8%.

EID Hale MJ, Hoskins RS, Baker MG. Screening for Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, Auckland International Airport, New Zealand. Emerg Infect Dis. 2012;18(5):866-868. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1805.111080
AMA Hale MJ, Hoskins RS, Baker MG. Screening for Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, Auckland International Airport, New Zealand. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2012;18(5):866-868. doi:10.3201/eid1805.111080.
APA Hale, M. J., Hoskins, R. S., & Baker, M. G. (2012). Screening for Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, Auckland International Airport, New Zealand. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 18(5), 866-868. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1805.111080.

Hepatitis E Virus Infection among Solid Organ Transplant Recipients, the Netherlands [PDF - 238 KB - 4 pages]
S. D. Pas et al.

We screened 1,200 living heart, lung, liver, and kidney transplant recipients for hepatitis E virus infection by reverse transcription PCR. In 12 (1%) patients, hepatitis E virus infection was identified; in 11 patients, chronic infection developed. This immunocompromised population is at risk for hepatitis E virus infection.

EID Pas SD, de Man RA, Mulders C, Balk A, van Hal P, Weimar W, et al. Hepatitis E Virus Infection among Solid Organ Transplant Recipients, the Netherlands. Emerg Infect Dis. 2012;18(5):869-872. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1805.111712
AMA Pas SD, de Man RA, Mulders C, et al. Hepatitis E Virus Infection among Solid Organ Transplant Recipients, the Netherlands. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2012;18(5):869-872. doi:10.3201/eid1805.111712.
APA Pas, S. D., de Man, R. A., Mulders, C., Balk, A., van Hal, P., Weimar, W....van der Eijk, A. A. (2012). Hepatitis E Virus Infection among Solid Organ Transplant Recipients, the Netherlands. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 18(5), 869-872. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1805.111712.

Sapovirus Outbreaks in Long-Term Care Facilities, Oregon and Minnesota, USA, 2002–2009 [PDF - 188 KB - 4 pages]
L. E. Lee et al.

We tested fecal samples from 93 norovirus-negative gastroenteritis outbreaks; 21 outbreaks were caused by sapovirus. Of these, 71% were caused by sapovirus genogroup IV and 66% occurred in long-term care facilities. Future investigation of gastroenteritis outbreaks should include multi-organism testing.

EID Lee LE, Cebelinski EA, Fuller C, Keene WE, Smith K, Vinjé J, et al. Sapovirus Outbreaks in Long-Term Care Facilities, Oregon and Minnesota, USA, 2002–2009. Emerg Infect Dis. 2012;18(5):873-876. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1805.111843
AMA Lee LE, Cebelinski EA, Fuller C, et al. Sapovirus Outbreaks in Long-Term Care Facilities, Oregon and Minnesota, USA, 2002–2009. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2012;18(5):873-876. doi:10.3201/eid1805.111843.
APA Lee, L. E., Cebelinski, E. A., Fuller, C., Keene, W. E., Smith, K., Vinjé, J....Besser, J. M. (2012). Sapovirus Outbreaks in Long-Term Care Facilities, Oregon and Minnesota, USA, 2002–2009. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 18(5), 873-876. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1805.111843.
Letters

Possible Nosocomial Transmission of Pneumocystis jirovecii [PDF - 107 KB - 2 pages]
C. Damiani et al.
EID Damiani C, Choukri F, Le Gal S, Menotti J, Sarfati C, Nevez G, et al. Possible Nosocomial Transmission of Pneumocystis jirovecii. Emerg Infect Dis. 2012;18(5):877-878. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1805.111432
AMA Damiani C, Choukri F, Le Gal S, et al. Possible Nosocomial Transmission of Pneumocystis jirovecii. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2012;18(5):877-878. doi:10.3201/eid1805.111432.
APA Damiani, C., Choukri, F., Le Gal, S., Menotti, J., Sarfati, C., Nevez, G....Totet, A. (2012). Possible Nosocomial Transmission of Pneumocystis jirovecii. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 18(5), 877-878. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1805.111432.

Fatal Human Co-infection with Leptospira spp. and Dengue Virus, Puerto Rico, 2010 [PDF - 198 KB - 3 pages]
T. M. Sharp et al.
EID Sharp TM, Bracero J, Rivera A, Shieh W, Bhatnagar J, Rivera-Diez I, et al. Fatal Human Co-infection with Leptospira spp. and Dengue Virus, Puerto Rico, 2010. Emerg Infect Dis. 2012;18(5):878-880. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1805.111555
AMA Sharp TM, Bracero J, Rivera A, et al. Fatal Human Co-infection with Leptospira spp. and Dengue Virus, Puerto Rico, 2010. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2012;18(5):878-880. doi:10.3201/eid1805.111555.
APA Sharp, T. M., Bracero, J., Rivera, A., Shieh, W., Bhatnagar, J., Rivera-Diez, I....Tomashek, K. M. (2012). Fatal Human Co-infection with Leptospira spp. and Dengue Virus, Puerto Rico, 2010. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 18(5), 878-880. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1805.111555.

Serologic Evidence of West Nile Virus Infection among Humans, Morocco [PDF - 130 KB - 2 pages]
H. El Rhaffouli et al.
EID El Rhaffouli H, El Harrak M, Lotfi C, El Boukhrissi F, Bajjou T, Laraqui A, et al. Serologic Evidence of West Nile Virus Infection among Humans, Morocco. Emerg Infect Dis. 2012;18(5):880-881. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1805.110826
AMA El Rhaffouli H, El Harrak M, Lotfi C, et al. Serologic Evidence of West Nile Virus Infection among Humans, Morocco. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2012;18(5):880-881. doi:10.3201/eid1805.110826.
APA El Rhaffouli, H., El Harrak, M., Lotfi, C., El Boukhrissi, F., Bajjou, T., Laraqui, A....Lahlou-Amine, I. (2012). Serologic Evidence of West Nile Virus Infection among Humans, Morocco. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 18(5), 880-881. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1805.110826.

Enterovirus 104 Infection in Adult, Japan, 2011 [PDF - 125 KB - 2 pages]
A. Kaida et al.
EID Kaida A, Kubo H, Sekiguchi J, Hase A, Iritani N. Enterovirus 104 Infection in Adult, Japan, 2011. Emerg Infect Dis. 2012;18(5):882-883. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1805.111890
AMA Kaida A, Kubo H, Sekiguchi J, et al. Enterovirus 104 Infection in Adult, Japan, 2011. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2012;18(5):882-883. doi:10.3201/eid1805.111890.
APA Kaida, A., Kubo, H., Sekiguchi, J., Hase, A., & Iritani, N. (2012). Enterovirus 104 Infection in Adult, Japan, 2011. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 18(5), 882-883. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1805.111890.

Clonal Spread of Geomyces destructans among Bats, Midwestern and Southern United States [PDF - 165 KB - 3 pages]
P. Ren et al.
EID Ren P, Haman KH, Last LA, Rajkumar SS, Keel M, Chaturvedi V. Clonal Spread of Geomyces destructans among Bats, Midwestern and Southern United States. Emerg Infect Dis. 2012;18(5):883-885. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1805.111711
AMA Ren P, Haman KH, Last LA, et al. Clonal Spread of Geomyces destructans among Bats, Midwestern and Southern United States. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2012;18(5):883-885. doi:10.3201/eid1805.111711.
APA Ren, P., Haman, K. H., Last, L. A., Rajkumar, S. S., Keel, M., & Chaturvedi, V. (2012). Clonal Spread of Geomyces destructans among Bats, Midwestern and Southern United States. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 18(5), 883-885. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1805.111711.

Electronic School Absenteeism Monitoring and Influenza Surveillance, Hong Kong [PDF - 156 KB - 3 pages]
C. Cheng et al.
EID Cheng C, Cowling BJ, Lau E, Ho L, Leung GM, Ip D. Electronic School Absenteeism Monitoring and Influenza Surveillance, Hong Kong. Emerg Infect Dis. 2012;18(5):885-887. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1805.111796
AMA Cheng C, Cowling BJ, Lau E, et al. Electronic School Absenteeism Monitoring and Influenza Surveillance, Hong Kong. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2012;18(5):885-887. doi:10.3201/eid1805.111796.
APA Cheng, C., Cowling, B. J., Lau, E., Ho, L., Leung, G. M., & Ip, D. (2012). Electronic School Absenteeism Monitoring and Influenza Surveillance, Hong Kong. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 18(5), 885-887. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1805.111796.

Epidemic Genotype of Coxiella burnetii among Goats, Sheep, and Humans in the Netherlands [PDF - 119 KB - 3 pages]
J. Tilburg et al.
EID Tilburg J, Roest H, Buffet S, Nabuurs-Franssen MH, Horrevorts AM, Raoult D, et al. Epidemic Genotype of Coxiella burnetii among Goats, Sheep, and Humans in the Netherlands. Emerg Infect Dis. 2012;18(5):887-889. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1805.111907
AMA Tilburg J, Roest H, Buffet S, et al. Epidemic Genotype of Coxiella burnetii among Goats, Sheep, and Humans in the Netherlands. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2012;18(5):887-889. doi:10.3201/eid1805.111907.
APA Tilburg, J., Roest, H., Buffet, S., Nabuurs-Franssen, M. H., Horrevorts, A. M., Raoult, D....Klaassen, C. (2012). Epidemic Genotype of Coxiella burnetii among Goats, Sheep, and Humans in the Netherlands. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 18(5), 887-889. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1805.111907.

High Anti–Phenolic Glycolipid-I IgM Titers and Hidden Leprosy Cases, Amazon Region [PDF - 111 KB - 2 pages]
C. Salgado et al.
EID Salgado C, Ferreira D, Frade M, Guimarães L, Batista da Silva M, Barreto J. High Anti–Phenolic Glycolipid-I IgM Titers and Hidden Leprosy Cases, Amazon Region. Emerg Infect Dis. 2012;18(5):889-890. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1805.111018
AMA Salgado C, Ferreira D, Frade M, et al. High Anti–Phenolic Glycolipid-I IgM Titers and Hidden Leprosy Cases, Amazon Region. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2012;18(5):889-890. doi:10.3201/eid1805.111018.
APA Salgado, C., Ferreira, D., Frade, M., Guimarães, L., Batista da Silva, M., & Barreto, J. (2012). High Anti–Phenolic Glycolipid-I IgM Titers and Hidden Leprosy Cases, Amazon Region. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 18(5), 889-890. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1805.111018.

Novel Prion Protein in BSE-affected Cattle, Switzerland [PDF - 213 KB - 3 pages]
T. Seuberlich and R. Kittelberger
EID Seuberlich T, Kittelberger R. Novel Prion Protein in BSE-affected Cattle, Switzerland. Emerg Infect Dis. 2012;18(5):890-892. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1805.111824
AMA Seuberlich T, Kittelberger R. Novel Prion Protein in BSE-affected Cattle, Switzerland. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2012;18(5):890-892. doi:10.3201/eid1805.111824.
APA Seuberlich, T., & Kittelberger, R. (2012). Novel Prion Protein in BSE-affected Cattle, Switzerland. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 18(5), 890-892. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1805.111824.
About the Cover

Health and the Myrmidons [PDF - 182 KB - 2 pages]
P. Potter
EID Potter P. Health and the Myrmidons. Emerg Infect Dis. 2012;18(5):893-894. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1805.ac1805
AMA Potter P. Health and the Myrmidons. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2012;18(5):893-894. doi:10.3201/eid1805.ac1805.
APA Potter, P. (2012). Health and the Myrmidons. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 18(5), 893-894. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1805.ac1805.
Conference Summaries

Report on the International Symposium on Hepatitis E, Seoul, South Korea, 2010
T. F. Wierzba and U. Panzner
Corrections

Correction: Vol. 18 No. 1 [PDF - 97 KB - 1 page]
EID Correction: Vol. 18 No. 1. Emerg Infect Dis. 2012;18(5):892. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1805.c11805
AMA Correction: Vol. 18 No. 1. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2012;18(5):892. doi:10.3201/eid1805.c11805.
APA (2012). Correction: Vol. 18 No. 1. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 18(5), 892. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1805.c11805.

Correction: Vol. 18 No. 2 [PDF - 97 KB - 1 page]
EID Correction: Vol. 18 No. 2. Emerg Infect Dis. 2012;18(5):892. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1805.c21805
AMA Correction: Vol. 18 No. 2. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2012;18(5):892. doi:10.3201/eid1805.c21805.
APA (2012). Correction: Vol. 18 No. 2. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 18(5), 892. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1805.c21805.
Page created: April 17, 2012
Page updated: April 18, 2012
Page reviewed: April 18, 2012
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
edit_01 ScholarOne Submission Portal
Issue Select
GO
GO

Spotlight Topics

 

Get Email Updates

To receive email updates about this page, enter your email address:

file_external