Volume 4, Number 4—December 1998
Perspective
Diphtheria in the Former Soviet Union: Reemergence of a Pandemic Disease
Table 3
Technology and industry | |
Population of susceptible adults | |
Human demographics and behavior | |
Population resistance to vaccinating children Changes in childhood vaccination schedule High levels of militarization Decreased social controls, increased travel | |
Microbial adaptation and change | |
Change in biotype or emergence of epidemic clones | |
Economic development and land use | |
Highly crowded and intense urbanization, substandard housing | |
Breakdown of public health measures | |
Decreased immunization in Central Asia and Caucasus due to breakup of Soviet Union | |
International travel and land use | |
Repatriation of Russian population from republics Refugees from Tajikistan, refugees in Georgia |
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