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Volume 8, Number 11—November 2002
THEME ISSUE
Tuberculosis Genotyping
Tuberculosis Genotyping Network, United States

Molecular Epidemiology of Tuberculosis in a Sentinel Surveillance Population

Barbara A. Ellis*Comments to Author , Jack T. Crawford*, Christopher R. Braden*, Scott J. N. McNabb*, Marisa Moore*, Steve Kammerer*, and the National Tuberculosis Genotyping and Surveillance Network Work Group
Author affiliations: *Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA;

Main Article

Table 4

Odds ratios from best-fit logistic regression analyses of the presence or absence of a specific genetic cluster of Mycobacterium tuberculosis on demographic, clinical, behavioral, or treatment outcome variables a

Designationc IS6110 copies Spoligotypec N Main effect Odds ratio estimates (95% CI)b Wald pb
00003c 1 777777777760771 40 Asian/Pacific Islander 3.70 (1.51% to 9.02%) 0.004
Age 0.98 (0.96% to 0.99%) 0.017
Foreign-born 12.4 (3.83% to 39.9%) <0.0001
00129d 1 777777777413771 25 Asian/Pacific Islander 73.3 (17.0% to 315.6%) <0.0001
Extrapulmonary infection 2.57 (1.10% to 6.03%) 0.03
00129d 1 777777774413771 83 Asian/Pacific Islander 282.8 (88.06% to 908.11%) <0.0001
00129d 1 477777777413071 23 Asian/Pacific Islander 6.34 (1.52% to 26.44%) 0.01
Foreign-born 10.4 (1.55% to 70.12%) 0.02
00129d 1 777777777413731 13 Asian/Pacific Islander 13.88 (3.71% to 51.92%) <0.0001
Resistance to first-line drugsd 3.80 (1.22% to 11.86%) 0.02
00129 1 777776407760601 40 Female 2.73 (1.43% to 5.23%) 0.0025
Black, non-Hispanic 3.57 (1.47% to 8.68%) 0.005
Injecting drug use 3.81 (1.81% to 8.03%) 0.0004
00016 2 701776777760601 129 Male 0.58 (0.40% to 0.84%) 0.004
Black, non-Hispanic 10.88 (5.48% to 21.6%) 0.006
00016c 2 777776777760771 82 Hispanic 16.36 (10.15% to 26.37%) <0.0001
00016 2 037776777760601 30 Age 1.03 (1.01% to 1.05%) 0.006
Black, non-Hispanic 7.13 (2.36% to 21.53%) 0.0005
Resident, long-term care facility 3.67 (1.17% to 11.70%) 0.026
00016d 2 777776777760601 175 U.S.-born 3.12 (1.85% to 5.26%) <0.0001
Excessive alcohol use 0.55 (0.37% to 0.83%) 0.0048
00370 3 700036777760731 13 White, non-Hispanic 5.20 (1.52% to 17.79%) 0.0087
HIV positive 5.87 (1.69% to 20.41%) 0.005
Noninjecting drug use 3.74 (1.17% to 12.01%) 0.03
00017d 4 700076777760771 25 Hispanic 4.97 (2.16% to 11.44%) 0.0002
00017d 4 777776777760771 64 Hispanic 15.7 (9.24% to 26.71%) <0.0001
01285 4 777776777760771 20 Resident, correctional facility 8.23 (3.08% to 22.01%) <0.0001
00015 7 28 Black, non-Hispanic 7.04 (1.64% to 30.3%) 0.0087
Injecting drug use 4.84 (2.11% to 11.09%) 0.0002
Excessive alcohol use 2.28 (1.02% to 5.13%) 0.05
00768 9 19 Black, non-Hispanic 11.68 (1.54% to 88.87%) 0.02
Noninjecting drug use 2.77 (1.11% to 6.92%) 0.03
00242d 10 95 Male 2.12 (1.27% to 3.56%) 0.004
Age 0.97 (0.96% to 0.98%) <0.0001
U.S.-born 8.44 (2.63% to 27.09%) 0.0003
Homeless 3.60 (2.16% to 5.98%) <0.0001
Noninjecting drug use 0.46 (0.24% to 0.90%) 0.02
00028 11 70 Black, non-Hispanic 17.57 (5.50% to 56.12%) <0.0001
00159 11 24 Excessive alcohol use 2.76 (1.23% to 6.22%) 0.01
00325 11 20 Age 1.03 (1.01% to 1.06%) 0.01
Excessive alcohol use 3.08 (1.22% to 7.70%) 0.02
00673 11 25 Asian/Pacific Islander 84.6 (19.85 to 361.9%) <0.0001
00757 11 16 Age 0.90 (0.85% to 0.94%) <0.0001
HIV positive 4.86 (1.60% to 14.79%) 0.005
00019c 12 27 Male 3.68 (1.10% to 12.39%) 0.03
White, non-Hispanic 5.4 (2.35% to 11.08%) <0.0001
00372 12 20 Homeless 6.09 (2.43% to 15.20%) 0.0001
Resident, long-term care facility 5.52 (1.535 to 20.0%) 0.009
00035 13 33 Black, non-Hispanic 6.96 (2.3% to 21.0%) 0.0006
Resistance to second-line drugse 40.59 (16.5% to 99.85%) <0.0001
00867 14 20 Black, non-Hispanic 11.68 (1.54% to 88.87%) 0.02
Noninjecting drug use 2.77 (1.11% to 6.92%) 0.03
01284 17 46 Black, non-Hispanic 2.40 (1.22% to 3.57%) <0.0001
Pulmonary disease 0.92 (-0.01% to 1.86%) 0.054
00237c 21 98 White, non-Hispanic 2.80 (1.81% to 4.33%) <0.0001
Excessive alcohol use 2.09 (1.36% to 3.22%) 0.0007
01693 21 29 HIV positive 3.16 (1.39% to 7.18%) 0.006
Injecting drug use 3.08 (1.26% to 7.56%) 0.014
Extrapulmonary disease 3.99 (1.69, 9.42) 0.002
00027 22 78 Black, non-Hispanic 1.74 (1.05% to 2.90%) 0.03
Sputum-smear positive 3.07 (1.75% to 5.39%) <0.0001

aCI, confidence interval.
bOnly genetic clusters that had ≥20 isolates were included in the analysis; some samples sizes are <20 because of missing data among independent variables (Wald 95% confidence intervals given in parentheses). Only genetic clusters with significant predictors are listed. Age was modeled as a continuous variable.
cThe National Tuberculosis Genotyping Surveillance Network (NTGSN) designation for the IS6110 RFLP pattern is represented; spoligotype octal code designations are presented only for those genetic clusters from isolates that had ≤6 copies of IS6110. RFLP patterns and spoligotypes are detailed elsewhere (11).
dsolates observed in ≥ 4 sites over 5 years.
e First-line drug resistance is resistance to at least one of the following: isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, or streptomycin. Second-line drug resistance is resistance to one or more of the following: ethionamide, kanamycin, cycloserine, capreomycin, para-amino salicylic acid, amikacin, rifabutin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, or other drugs.

Main Article

1 Members of the National Tuberculosis Genotyping and surveillance Network Work Group, in addition to the listed authors, included Joseph Bates, William Benjamin, Pablo Bifani, M. Donald Cave, Rebecca Cox, Wendy Cronin, Ed Desmond, Jeffrey Driscoll, Nancy Dunlap, Jennifer Flood, Kashef Ijaz,, Michael Kucab, Barry Kreiswirth, Zary Liu, D. Mitchell Magee, Jeffrey Massey, Ann Miller, Donna Mulcahy, Robert Pratt, Teresa Quitugua, Barbara Schable, Kenneth Shilkret, Harry Taber, Jeffrey Taylor, Sharon Sharnprapai, Sumi Sun, Zhenhua Yang

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