TY - JOUR AU - Roth, David AU - Henry, Bonnie AU - Mak, Sunny AU - Fraser, Mieke AU - Taylor, Marsha AU - Li, Min AU - Cooper, Ken AU - Furnell, Allen AU - Wong, Quantine AU - Morshed, Muhammad T1 - West Nile Virus Range Expansion into British Columbia T2 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal PY - 2010 VL - 16 IS - 8 SP - 1251 SN - 1080-6059 AB - In 2009, an expansion of West Nile virus (WNV) into the Canadian province of British Columbia was detected. Two locally acquired cases of infection in humans and 3 cases of infection in horses were detected by ELISA and plaque-reduction neutralization tests. Ten positive mosquito pools were detected by reverse transcription PCR. Most WNV activity in British Columbia in 2009 occurred in the hot and dry southern Okanagan Valley. Virus establishment and amplification in this region was likely facilitated by above average nightly temperatures and a rapid accumulation of degree-days in late summer. Estimated exposure dates for humans and initial detection of WNV-positive mosquitoes occurred concurrently with a late summer increase in Culex tarsalis mosquitoes (which spread western equine encephalitis) in the southern Okanagan Valley. The conditions present during this range expansion suggest that temperature and Cx. tarsalis mosquito abundance may be limiting factors for WNV transmission in this portion of the Pacific Northwest. KW - West Nile virus KW - arbovirus KW - Canada KW - British Columbia KW - insect vectors KW - arthropod vectors KW - ecology KW - zoonoses KW - epidemiology KW - research DO - 10.3201/eid1608.100483 UR - https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/16/8/10-0483_article ER - End of Reference