TY - JOUR AU - Pollett, Simon AU - Nelson, Martha AU - Kasper, Matthew AU - Tinoco, Yeny AU - Simons, Mark AU - Romero, Candice AU - Silva, Marita AU - Lin, Xudong AU - Halpin, Rebecca AU - Fedorova, Nadia AU - Stockwell, Timothy AU - Wentworth, David AU - Holmes, Edward AU - Bausch, Daniel T1 - Phylogeography of Influenza A(H3N2) Virus in Peru, 2010–2012 T2 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal PY - 2015 VL - 21 IS - 8 SP - 1330 SN - 1080-6059 AB - It remains unclear whether lineages of influenza A(H3N2) virus can persist in the tropics and seed temperate areas. We used viral gene sequence data sampled from Peru to test this source–sink model for a Latin American country. Viruses were obtained during 2010–2012 from influenza surveillance cohorts in Cusco, Tumbes, Puerto Maldonado, and Lima. Specimens positive for influenza A(H3N2) virus were randomly selected and underwent hemagglutinin sequencing and phylogeographic analyses. Analysis of 389 hemagglutinin sequences from Peru and 2,192 global sequences demonstrated interseasonal extinction of Peruvian lineages. Extensive mixing occurred with global clades, but some spatial structure was observed at all sites; this structure was weakest in Lima and Puerto Maldonado, indicating that these locations may experience greater viral traffic. The broad diversity and co-circulation of many simultaneous lineages of H3N2 virus in Peru suggests that this country should not be overlooked as a potential source for novel pandemic strains. KW - Peru KW - H3N2 KW - influenza virus KW - evolution KW - viruses KW - phylogeography KW - phylogeny KW - viral traffic KW - subtropical KW - tropical KW - gene pool KW - source population KW - surveillance KW - source–sink dynamic KW - source–sink model KW - interseasonal extinction KW - influenza A(H3N2) virus KW - human influenza KW - influenza DO - 10.3201/eid2108.150084 UR - https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/21/8/15-0084_article ER - End of Reference