TY - JOUR AU - Gurley, Emily AU - Hegde, Sonia AU - Hossain, Kamal AU - Sazzad, Hossain M.S. AU - Hossain, M. Jahangir AU - Rahman, Mahmudur AU - Sharker, M.A. Yushuf AU - Salje, Henrik AU - Islam, M. Saiful AU - Epstein, Jonathan AU - Khan, Salah AU - Kilpatrick, A. Marm AU - Daszak, Peter AU - Luby, Stephen T1 - Convergence of Humans, Bats, Trees, and Culture in Nipah Virus Transmission, Bangladesh T2 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal PY - 2017 VL - 23 IS - 9 SP - 1446 SN - 1080-6059 AB - Preventing emergence of new zoonotic viruses depends on understanding determinants for human risk. Nipah virus (NiV) is a lethal zoonotic pathogen that has spilled over from bats into human populations, with limited person-to-person transmission. We examined ecologic and human behavioral drivers of geographic variation for risk of NiV infection in Bangladesh. We visited 60 villages during 2011–2013 where cases of infection with NiV were identified and 147 control villages. We compared case villages with control villages for most likely drivers for risk of infection, including number of bats, persons, and date palm sap trees, and human date palm sap consumption behavior. Case villages were similar to control villages in many ways, including number of bats, persons, and date palm sap trees, but had a higher proportion of households in which someone drank sap. Reducing human consumption of sap could reduce virus transmission and risk for emergence of a more highly transmissible NiV strain. KW - Nipah virus KW - viruses KW - case–control study KW - human behavior KW - humans KW - bats KW - trees KW - culture KW - virus transmission KW - convergence KW - date palm sap KW - Bangladesh KW - NiV KW - infections KW - epidemiology KW - vector-borne infections KW - zoonoses DO - 10.3201/eid2309.161922 UR - https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/23/9/16-1922_article ER - End of Reference