TY - JOUR AU - Ferguson, Lucas AU - Luo, Kaijian AU - Olivier, Alicia AU - Cunningham, Fred AU - Blackmon, Sherry AU - Hanson-Dorr, Katie AU - Sun, Hailiang AU - Baroch, John AU - Lutman, Mark AU - Quade, Bianca AU - Epperson, William AU - Webby, Richard AU - DeLiberto, Thomas AU - Wan, Xiu-Feng T1 - Influenza D Virus Infection in Feral Swine Populations, United States T2 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal PY - 2018 VL - 24 IS - 6 SP - 1020 SN - 1080-6059 AB - Influenza D virus (IDV) has been identified in domestic cattle, swine, camelid, and small ruminant populations across North America, Europe, Asia, South America, and Africa. Our study investigated seroprevalence and transmissibility of IDV in feral swine. During 2012–2013, we evaluated feral swine populations in 4 US states; of 256 swine tested, 57 (19.1%) were IDV seropositive. Among 96 archived influenza A virus–seropositive feral swine samples collected from 16 US states during 2010–2013, 41 (42.7%) were IDV seropositive. Infection studies demonstrated that IDV-inoculated feral swine shed virus 3–5 days postinoculation and seroconverted at 21 days postinoculation; 50% of in-contact naive feral swine shed virus, seroconverted, or both. Immunohistochemical staining showed viral antigen within epithelial cells of the respiratory tract, including trachea, soft palate, and lungs. Our findings suggest that feral swine might serve an important role in the ecology of IDV. KW - Orthomyxoviridae KW - influenza A virus KW - swine influenza KW - serology KW - zoonoses KW - viruses KW - United States KW - influenza D virus DO - 10.3201/eid2406.172102 UR - https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/24/6/17-2102_article ER - End of Reference