TY - JOUR AU - Wilson, Tais AU - Ritter, Jana AU - Martines, Roosecelis AU - Bullock, Hannah AU - Fair, Pamela AU - Radford, Kay AU - Macêdo, Isabel AU - Sousa, Davi E.R. AU - Gonçalves, Alexandra A.B. AU - Romano, Alessandro AU - Passsos, Pedro H.O. AU - Ramos, Daniel AU - Costa, Gabriela R.T. AU - Cavalcante, Karina R.L.J. AU - de Melo, Cristiano AU - Zaki, Sherif AU - Castro, Marcio T1 - Fatal Human Alphaherpesvirus 1 Infection in Free-Ranging Black-Tufted Marmosets in Anthropized Environments, Brazil, 2012–2019 T2 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal PY - 2022 VL - 28 IS - 4 SP - 802 SN - 1080-6059 AB - Human alphaherpesvirus 1 (HuAHV1) causes fatal neurologic infections in captive New World primates. To determine risks for interspecies transmission, we examined data for 13 free-ranging, black-tufted marmosets (Callithrix penicillata) that died of HuAHV1 infection and had been in close contact with humans in anthropized areas in Brazil during 2012–2019. We evaluated pathologic changes in the marmosets, localized virus and antigen, and assessed epidemiologic features. The main clinical findings were neurologic signs, necrotizing meningoencephalitis, and ulcerative glossitis; 1 animal had necrotizing hepatitis. Transmission electron microscopy revealed intranuclear herpetic inclusions, and immunostaining revealed HuAHV1 and herpesvirus particles in neurons, glial cells, tongue mucosal epithelium, and hepatocytes. PCR confirmed HuAHV1 infection. These findings illustrate how disruption of the One Health equilibrium in anthropized environments poses risks for interspecies virus transmission with potential spillover not only from animals to humans but also from humans to free-ranging nonhuman primates or other animals. KW - human alphaherpesvirus 1 KW - One Health KW - zoonoses KW - fatal KW - pathology KW - histopathology KW - immunohistochemistry KW - transmission electron microscopy KW - PCR KW - marmoset KW - anthropized environments KW - viruses KW - Brazil DO - 10.3201/eid2804.212334 UR - https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/28/4/21-2334_article ER - End of Reference