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Volume 10, Number 10—October 2004
Research

Sulfa Use, Dihydropteroate Synthase Mutations, and Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia

Cheryl R. Stein*, Charles Poole*, Powel Kazanjian†, and Steven R Meshnick*Comments to Author 
Author affiliations: *University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; †University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA

Main Article

Table 1

Study characteristics and effect estimates

Study Location/data collection calendar midpointa N Multiple isolates per patient Defined prophylaxis timingb Defined treatment outcomec,d Proportion HIV+ RD (95% CI)
(95% CLD)d
Prophylaxis effect on mutation
  Kazanjian (1998) (21) USA/1994 27 No Yes NA 0.74 0.61 (0.25, 0.97) (0.72)
  Helweg-Larsen (22) Denmark/1994 152 Yes Yes NA 1.00 0.51 (0.33, 0.70) (0.37)
  Ma (1999) (23) USA/1992 37 Yes Yes NA 0.70 0.69 (0.43, 0.94) (0.51)
  Huang (24) USA/1998 111 No Yes NA 1.00 0.33 (0.15, 0.51) (0.36)
  Kazanjian (2000) (25) USA/1995 97 No Yes NA 1.00 0.52 (0.35, 0.70) (0.35)
  Visconti (26) Italy/1995 20 Yes No NA 1.00 0.60 (0.20, 1.00) (0.80)
  Ma (2002) (27) Italy/1998 107 No Yes NA 1.00 0.15 (0.01, 0.30) (0.29)
  Costa (28) Portugal/1998 89 No Yes NA 0.93 0.10 (–0.15, 0.35) (0.50)
  Crothers (29) USA/2000 236 Yes Yes NA 1.00 0.16 (0.06. 0.25) (0.19)
  Latouche (30) France/2000 92 No Yes NA 0.90 –0.03 (–0.22, 0.16)
(0.38)
  Miller (31) England/1993 25 No Yes NA 1.00 0.31 (–0.08, 0.69)
(0.77)
  Nahimana (32) France/1995 158 No Yes NA 0.76 0.50 (0.31, 0.69) (0.38)
  Zingale (33)
 Italy/1999
 64
 Yes
 Yes
 NA
 1.00
 0.61 (0.42, 0.80) (0.38)
Mutation effect on treatment outcome
  Kazanjian (2000) (25) USA/1995 97 No NA Yes 1.00 0.22 (0.01, 0.43) (0.42)
  Takahashi (34) Japan/1997 24 No NA Yes 0.67 0.89 (0.59, 1.19) (0.60)
  Ma (2002) (27) Italy/1998 107 No NA NA 1.00 –0.01 (–0.22, 0.20)
(0.42)
  Navin (35) USA/1997 136 No NA Yes 1.00 –0.21 (0.39, –0.03) (0.36)
  Visconti (26)
 Italy/1995
 20
 Yes
 NA
 No
 1.00
 –0.21 (–0.82, 0.40)
(1.22)
aData collection calendar midpoint, the midpoint in calendar time of data collection.
bDefined prophylaxis timing, whether the study stated the timing of prophylaxis in relation to the episode of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia.
cDefined treatment outcome, whether the study stated how it defined treatment outcome.
dRD, risk difference; CI, confidence interval; CLD, confidence limit difference; NA, not applicable.

Main Article

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