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Volume 6, Number 6—December 2000
Research

Risk Factors for Otitis Media and Carriage of Multiple Strains of Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae

Jennifer St. Sauver*, Carl F. Marrs*, Betsy Foxman*, Patricia Somsel†, Robbie Madera*, and Janet R. Gilsdorf*Comments to Author 
Author affiliations: *University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; †Regional Medical Laboratories Inc, Battle Creek, Michigan, USA

Main Article

Table 3

Univariate logistic regression odds ratios and 95% confidence intervalsa predicting carriage of two or more genetically distinct Haemophilus influenzae or Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates during a sampling period.

Risk Factor Carriage of two or more H. influenzae genetic types (n=55) OR (95% CI) Carriage of two or more S. pneumoniae genetic types (n=6) OR (95% CI)
Male 1.11 (0.49-2.53) 0.63 (0.07-5.68)
Race (nonwhite) 0.93 (0.39-2.19) 0.92 (0.16-5.47)
Age (23 months, referent)
24-35 months 0.41 (0.11-1.55) --
36-47 months 2.49 (0.92-6.74) --
>48 months 1.43 (0.43-4.78) --
Allergies 2.26 (0.87-5.87) 1.37 (0.20-9.56)
Exposure to smoking 3.73 (1.42-9.82) --
Pacifier use 0.23 (0.07-0.79) 3.01 (0.29-31.55)
Otitis prone (having more than 3 infections/year) 0.39 (0.15-1.02) 1.64 (0.22-12.44)
Presence of tubes 0.96 (0.26-3.49) 1.14 (0.11-11.80)
Having siblings 1.42 (0.60-3.39) 0.96 (0.10-9.38)
High parental education level (>4 years of college) 1.42 (0.60-3.39) 1.21 (0.16-9.24)
Parental income (<$10,000-40,000 baseline)
$41,000-$80,000/year 1.50 (0.39-5.72) 1.51 (0.14-16.00)
$81,000->$100,000/year 1.01 (0.26-3.89) 0.43 (0.03-6.07)
Day care site 1 1.06 (0.46-2.43) 2.26 (0.36-14.01)
Antibiotic use 0.25 (0.32-1.57)
Respiratory illness 0.71 (0.32-1.57) 0.72 (0.11-4.56)
Otitis media episode 0.46 (0.11-1.84) --

a Logistic regressions performed with the generalized estimating equations (GEE) SAS macro to control for correlation between multiple samples taken from the same child.

Main Article

Page created: December 17, 2010
Page updated: December 17, 2010
Page reviewed: December 17, 2010
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
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