Chapter 2 Preparing International Travelers
Yellow Fever Vaccine & Malaria Prophylaxis Information, by Country
The following pages present country-specific information on yellow fever (YF) vaccine requirements and recommendations (Table 2-06) and malaria transmission information and prophylaxis recommendations. Country-specific maps of malaria transmission areas, country-specific maps depicting yellow fever vaccine recommendations, and a reference map of China are included to aid in interpreting the information. The information was accurate at the time of publication; however, this information is subject to change at any time as a result of changes in disease transmission or, in the case of YF, changing country entry requirements. Updated information reflecting changes since publication can be found in the online version of this book (www.cdc.gov/yellowbook) and on the CDC Travelers’ Health website (www.cdc.gov/travel). General recommendations for other vaccines to consider during the pretravel consultation can be found on the CDC Travelers’ Health website (www.cdc.gov/travel).
YELLOW FEVER
Since publication of the 2018 edition of the CDC Yellow Book, large YF outbreaks occurred in eastern Brazil in 2017 and 2018, involving states where YF was not previously considered endemic. Notably, human YF cases occurred within the greater metropolitan area of São Paulo City and not far from the metropolitan limits of Rio de Janeiro City. In response, the Brazil Ministry of Health conducted mass vaccination campaigns in the newly affected areas. Based on a review of the situation by the World Health Organization (WHO) Scientific and Technical Advisory Group on Geographical Yellow Fever Risk Mapping, in which CDC participates, preliminary expanded YF vaccination recommendations were made for international travelers to the eastern and southeastern states of Brazil. Given that the Brazil Ministry of Health has initiated its plan to vaccinate the entire population of Brazil against YF by mid-2019, these preliminary vaccination recommendations for international travel will likely be made permanent by the advisory group.
Revaccination against yellow fever was previously required by certain countries at 10-year intervals to comply with International Health Regulations (IHR). In 2014, the World Health Assembly (of WHO) adopted the recommendation to amend the IHR by removing the 10-year booster dose requirement, and stipulated a 2-year transition period for this change. Consequently, as of July 11, 2016, a completed International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis (ICVP) is valid for the lifetime of the vaccinee. Moreover, countries cannot require proof of revaccination (booster) against yellow fever as a condition of entry, even if the last vaccination was >10 years prior.
In the United States, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) published a new recommendation in 2015 that 1 dose of yellow fever vaccine provides long-lasting protection and is adequate for most travelers. The recommendation also identifies specific groups of travelers who should receive additional doses and others for whom additional doses may be considered. For details, see Chapter 4, Yellow Fever. For the most up-to-date information about yellow fever vaccine boosters, consult the CDC Travelers’ Health website or the specific publication posted on the ACIP website (www.cdc.gov/mmwr/pdf/wk/mm6423.pdf).
Ultimately, the clinician’s decision whether or not to vaccinate any traveler must take into account the traveler’s risk of being infected with YF virus, country entry requirements, and individual risk factors for serious adverse events after YF vaccination (such as age and immune status). For a thorough discussion of YF and guidance for vaccination, see Chapter 4, Yellow Fever.
NOTE: Despite the recent changes to the IHR regarding YF vaccine boosters, it is uncertain whether all countries with YF vaccination entry requirements will fully adopt this change. Even if countries modify their official policies to extend the validity period of the ICVP from 10 years to the lifetime of the vaccinee, there is no guarantee that all national border officials will be aware of such policy change or be able to enforce it. CDC obtains information yearly from WHO about official country entry requirements. WHO likely will not be asking countries about YF vaccine booster entry requirements in the yearly questionnaires, because it will be assumed that countries are complying with the amended IHR. This could leave a gap in the foreseeable future in accurate published information about entry requirements for YF vaccine boosters for certain countries. Past experience has demonstrated that information given by consulates and embassies about vaccination requirements is often not accurate. Therefore, providers and travelers should not rely solely on such information when determining current YF vaccination entry requirements for specific destinations. With the caveats described above, readers should refer to the online version of this book (www.cdc.gov/yellowbook) and the CDC Travelers’ Health website (www.cdc.gov/travel) for any reported updates to country entry requirements since publication of this edition.
Table 2-06. Categories of recommendations for yellow fever (YF) vaccination
| YF VACCINATION CATEGORY | RATIONALE FOR RECOMMENDATION |
|---|---|
| Recommended | Vaccination recommended for all travelers ≥9 months of age to areas with endemic or transitional YF risk, as determined by persistent or periodic YF virus transmission. |
| Generally not recommended | Vaccination generally not recommended in areas where the potential for YF virus exposure is low, as determined by absence of reports of human YF and past evidence suggestive of only low levels of YF virus transmission. However, vaccination might be considered for a small subset of travelers who are at increased risk for exposure to YF virus because of prolonged travel, heavy exposure to mosquitoes, or inability to avoid mosquito bites. |
| Not recommended | Vaccination not recommended in areas where there is no risk of YF virus transmission, as determined by absence of past or present evidence of YF virus circulation in the area or environmental conditions not conducive to YF virus transmission. |
MALARIA
The following recommendations to protect travelers from malaria were developed by using the best available data from multiple sources. Countries are not required to submit malaria surveillance data to CDC. On an ongoing basis, CDC actively solicits data from multiple sources, including WHO (main and regional offices); national malaria control programs; international organizations, such as the International Society of Travel Medicine; CDC overseas staff; US military; academic, research, and aid organizations; and published records from the medical literature. The reliability and accuracy of those data are also assessed. If the information is available, trends in malaria incidence and other data are considered in the context of malaria control activities within a given country or other mitigating factors such as natural disasters, wars, and other events that may affect the ability to control malaria or accurately count and report it. Factors such as the volume of travel to that country and the number of acquired cases reported in the US surveillance system are also examined. Based on all those considerations, recommendations are developed to try to accurately describe areas of the country where transmission occurs, substantial occurrences of antimalarial drug resistance, the proportions of species present, and the recommended prophylaxis options.
These recommendations should be used in conjunction with an individual risk assessment, taking into account not only the destination country but also the detailed itinerary including specific cities, types of accommodation, season, and style of travel, as well as special health conditions such as pregnancy.
Several medications are available for malaria prophylaxis. When deciding which drug to use, clinicians should consider the specific itinerary, length of trip, drug costs, previous adverse reactions to antimalarials, drug allergies, and medical history.
For a thorough discussion of malaria and guidance for prophylaxis, see Chapter 4, Malaria.
Afghanistan
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
Transmission areas
- All areas below 2,500 m (~8,200 ft) elevation (April–December)
Drug resistance3
- Chloroquine
Species
- P. vivax (primarily)
- P. falciparum (less commonly)
Recommended chemoprophylaxis
- Atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, mefloquine, tafenoquine4
Other Vaccines to Consider
Albania
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required if traveling from a country with risk of YF virus transmission and ≥1 year of age.1
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
Algeria
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required if traveling from a country with risk of YF virus transmission and ≥9 months of age, including transit >12 hours in an airport located in a country with risk of YF virus transmission.1
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
American Samoa (US)
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
Andorra
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
Angola
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required for arriving travelers from all countries if traveler is ≥9 months of age.
Recommendations: Recommended for all travelers ≥9 months of age.
Malaria
Transmission areas
- All
Drug resistance3
- Chloroquine
Species
- P. falciparum (primarily)
- P. malariae, P. ovale, and P. vivax (less commonly)
Recommended chemoprophylaxis
- Atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, mefloquine, tafenoquine4
Other Vaccines to Consider
Anguilla (U.K.)
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
Antarctica
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
Antigua and Barbuda
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required if traveling from a country with risk of YF virus transmission and ≥1 year of age.1
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
Argentina
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: Recommended for travelers ≥9 months of age going to Corrientes and Misiones Provinces. Generally not recommended for travelers going to Formosa Province and designated areas of Chaco, Jujuy, and Salta Provinces (see Map 2-1). Not recommended for all travelers whose itineraries are limited to areas and provinces not listed above.
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Related Maps
Map 2-1. Yellow fever vaccine recommendations in Argentina
Other Vaccines to Consider
Armenia
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
Aruba
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required if traveling from a country with risk of YF virus transmission and ≥9 months of age, including transit >12 hours in an airport located in a country with risk of YF virus transmission.1
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
Australia
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required if traveling from a country with risk of YF virus transmission and ≥1 year of age, including transit >12 hours in an airport located in a country with risk of YF virus transmission.1 This requirement excludes Galápagos Islands in Ecuador.
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
Austria
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
Azerbaijan
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
Azores (Portugal)
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
Bahamas, The
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required if traveling from a country with risk of YF virus transmission and ≥1 year of age, including transit >12 hours in an airport located in a country with risk of YF virus transmission.1
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
Bahrain
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required if traveling from a country with risk of YF virus transmission and ≥9 months of age, including transit >12 hours in an airport located in a country with risk of YF virus transmission.1
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
Bangladesh
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required if traveling from a country with risk of YF virus transmission and ≥1 year of age, including transit in an airport located in a country with risk of YF virus transmission.1
Recommendations: None
Malaria
Transmission areas
- Chittagong Hill Tract districts (Bandarban, Khagrachari, and Rangamati); and the districts of Chattogram (Chittagong), Cox’s Bazar, Habiganj, Kurigram, Moulvibazar, Mymensingh, Netrakona, Sherpur, Sunamganj, and Sylhet
- No malaria transmission in Dhaka (the capital)
Drug resistance3
- Chloroquine
Species
- P. falciparum (90%)
- P. vivax (10%)
- P. malariae (rare)
Recommended chemoprophylaxis
- Atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, mefloquine, tafenoquine4
Other Vaccines to Consider
Barbados
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required if traveling from a country with risk of YF virus transmission and ≥1 year of age.1 This requirement excludes Guyana and Trinidad and Tobago unless an outbreak is occurring.
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
Belarus
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
Belgium
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
Belize
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required if traveling from a country with risk of YF virus transmission and ≥1 year of age, including transit in an airport located in a country with risk of YF virus transmission.1
Recommendations: None
Malaria
Transmission areas
- Rare transmission
- No malaria transmission in Belize City or on islands frequented by tourists (e.g., Ambergris Caye)
Drug resistance3
- None
Species
- P. vivax (primarily)
Recommended chemoprophylaxis
- None (insect bite precautions / mosquito avoidance only)5
Other Vaccines to Consider
Benin
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required for arriving travelers from all countries if traveler is ≥9 months of age.
Recommendations: Recommended for all travelers ≥9 months of age.
Malaria
Transmission areas
- All
Drug resistance3
- Chloroquine
Species
- P. falciparum (primarily)
- P. malariae, P. ovale, and P. vivax (less commonly)
Recommended chemoprophylaxis
- Atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, mefloquine, tafenoquine4
Other Vaccines to Consider
Bermuda (U.K.)
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
Bhutan
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
Transmission areas
- Rare cases in rural areas below 1,700 m (~5,500 ft) elevation in districts along the southern border shared with India
Drug resistance3
- Chloroquine
Species
- P. vivax (primarily)
- P. falciparum (less commonly)
Recommended chemoprophylaxis
- None (insect bite precautions / mosquito avoidance only)5
Other Vaccines to Consider
Bolivia
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required if traveling from a country with risk of YF virus transmission and ≥1 year of age.1
Recommendations: Recommended for all travelers ≥9 months of age traveling to the following areas <2,300 m (7,546 ft) in elevation and east of the Andes Mountains: the entire departments of Beni, Pando, Santa Cruz, and designated areas (see Map 2-02) of Chuquisaca, Cochabamba, La Paz, and Tarija departments. Not recommended for travelers whose itineraries are limited to areas >2,300 m (7,546 ft) in elevation and all areas not listed above, including the cities of La Paz and Sucre.
Malaria
Transmission areas
- All areas below 2,500 m (~8,200 ft) elevation
- No malaria transmission in La Paz (the administrative capital)
Drug resistance3
- Chloroquine
Species
- P. vivax (99%)
- P. falciparum (1%)
Recommended chemoprophylaxis
Related Maps
Map 2-02. Yellow fever vaccine recommendations in Bolivia
Other Vaccines to Consider
Bonaire
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required if traveling from a country with risk of YF virus transmission and ≥9 months of age, including transit >12 hours in an airport located in a country with risk of YF virus transmission.1
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
See Health Information for Travelers to Bosnia and Herzegovina
Botswana
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required if traveling from a country with risk of YF virus transmission and ≥1 year of age, including transit in an airport located in a country with risk of YF virus transmission.1
Recommendations: None
Malaria
Transmission areas
- Districts/subdistricts of Bobirwa, Boteti, Chobe (including Chobe National Park), Ghanzi, Mahalapye, Ngamiland (Ngami), North-East (including its capital, Francistown), Okavango, Serowe/Palapye, and Tutume
- Rare cases or sporadic foci of transmission in districts/subdistricts of Kgalagadi North, Kgatleng, Kweneng, and Southern
- No malaria transmission in Gaborone (the capital)
Drug resistance3
- Chloroquine
Species
- P. falciparum (primarily)
- P. malariae, P. ovale, and P. vivax (less commonly)
Recommended chemoprophylaxis
- Districts/subdistricts of Bobirwa, Boteti, Chobe (including Chobe National Park), Ghanzi, Mahalapye, Ngamiland (Ngami), North-East (including its capital, Francistown), Okavango, Serowe/Palapye, and Tutume: Atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, mefloquine, tafenoquine4
- Areas with rare cases or sporadic foci of transmission: no chemoprophylaxis recommended (insect bite precautions / mosquito avoidance only)5
Other Vaccines to Consider
Brazil
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: Recommended for all travelers ≥9 months of age going to the following areas: the entire states of Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Distrito Federal (including the capital city of Brasília), Espirito Santo,* Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraná,* Rio de Janeiro (including the city of Rio de Janeiro and all coastal islands),* Rio Grande do Sul,* Rondônia, Roraima, Santa Catarina,* São Paulo (including the city of São Paulo and all coastal islands),* and Tocantins and designated areas (see map) of the following states: Bahia* and Piauí. Vaccination is also recommended for travelers visiting Iguaçu Falls. Not recommended for travelers whose itineraries are limited to areas not listed above, including the cities of Fortaleza and Recife (see map). *Note: In 2017, CDC expanded YF vaccination recommendations for travelers to Brazil in response to a large YF outbreak in multiple eastern states. The expanded YF vaccination recommendations for these states are provisional.
Malaria
Transmission areas
- All areas in the states of Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Rondônia, and Roraima
- Present in the states of Maranhão, Mato Grosso, and Pará, but rare cases in their capital cities
- Rural and forested areas in the states of Espírito Santo, Goiás, Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso do Sul, Piauí, Rio de Janeiro, São Paolo, and Tocantins
- No malaria transmission in the cities of Brasília (the capital), Rio de Janeiro, or São Paolo
- No malaria transmission at Iguaçu Falls
Drug resistance3
- Chloroquine
Species
- P. vivax (90%)
- P. falciparum (10%)
Recommended chemoprophylaxis
- Atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, mefloquine, tafenoquine4
Related Maps
Map 2-05. Yellow fever vaccine recommendations in Brazil
Other Vaccines to Consider
British Indian Ocean Territory; includes Diego Garcia (U.K.)
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
See Health Information for Travelers to British Indian Ocean Territory (U.K.)
Brunei
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required if traveling from a country with risk of YF virus transmission and ≥9 months of age, including transit >12 hours in an airport located in a country with risk of YF virus transmission.1
Recommendations: None
Malaria
Transmission areas
- No human malaria
- Rare transmission of P. knowlesi7 in primarily forested or forest-fringe areas
Drug resistance3
- None
Species
- P. knowlesi7 (100%)
Recommended chemoprophylaxis
- None (insect bite precautions / mosquito avoidance only)5
Other Vaccines to Consider
Bulgaria
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
Burkina Faso
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required for arriving travelers from all countries if traveler is ≥9 months of age.
Recommendations: Recommended for all travelers ≥9 months of age.
Malaria
Transmission areas
- All
Drug resistance3
- Chloroquine
Species
- P. falciparum (primarily)
- P. malariae, P. ovale, and P. vivax (less commonly)
Recommended chemoprophylaxis
- Atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, mefloquine, tafenoquine4
Other Vaccines to Consider
Burma (Myanmar)
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required if traveling from a country with risk of YF virus transmission and ≥1 year of age, including transit >12 hours in an airport located in a country with risk of YF virus transmission.1
Recommendations: None
Malaria
Transmission areas
- All areas below 1,000 m (~3,300 ft) elevation, including Bagan
- Rare transmission in areas above 1,000 m (~3,300 ft) elevation
Drug resistance3
- Chloroquine and mefloquine
Species
- P. vivax (60%)
- P. falciparum (40%)
- P. knowlesi7, P. malariae, and P. ovale (rare)
Recommended chemoprophylaxis
- Areas below 1,000 m (~3,300 ft) elevation in the regions of Bago, Kachin, Kayah, Kayin, Shan, and Tanintharyi, and in the states of Kachin, Kayah, Kayin, and Shan: Atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, tafenoquine4
- Areas below 1,000 m (~3,300 ft) elevation in all other areas: Atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, mefloquine, tafenoquine4
- Areas above 1,000 m (~3,300 ft) elevation: No chemoprophylaxis recommended (insect bite precautions / mosquito avoidance only)5
Other Vaccines to Consider
Burundi
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required for arriving travelers from all countries if traveler is ≥9 months of age.
Recommendations: Recommended for all travelers ≥9 months of age.
Malaria
Transmission areas
- All
Drug resistance3
- Chloroquine
Species
- P. falciparum (primarily)
- P. malariae, P. ovale, and P. vivax (less commonly)
Recommended chemoprophylaxis
- Atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, mefloquine, tafenoquine4
Other Vaccines to Consider
Cambodia
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required if traveling from a country with risk of YF virus transmission and ≥1 year of age, including transit >12 hours in an airport located in a country with risk of YF virus transmission.1
Recommendations: None
Malaria
Transmission areas
- Present throughout the country
- No (or negligible) malaria transmission in the cities of Phnom Penh (the capital) and Siem Reap
- No (or negligible) malaria transmission at the main temple complex at Angkor Wat
Drug resistance3
- Chloroquine and mefloquine
Species
- P. vivax (80%)
- P. falciparum (20%)
- P. knowlesi7 (rare)
Recommended chemoprophylaxis
- Atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, tafenoquine4
Other Vaccines to Consider
Cameroon
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required for arriving travelers from all countries if traveler is ≥1 year of age.
Recommendations: Recommended for all travelers ≥9 months of age.
Malaria
Transmission areas
- All
Drug resistance3
- Chloroquine
Species
- P. falciparum (primarily)
- P. malariae, P. ovale, and P. vivax (less commonly)
Recommended chemoprophylaxis
- Atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, mefloquine, tafenoquine4
Other Vaccines to Consider
Canada
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
Canary Islands (Spain)
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
See Health Information for Travelers to Canary Islands (Spain)
Cape Verde
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required if traveling from a country with risk of YF virus transmission and ≥1 year of age.1
Recommendations: None
Malaria
Transmission areas
- No indigenous cases reported since 2018
- Previously, rare cases on Santiago (São Tiago) Island and Boa Vista Island
Drug resistance3
- Previously, chloroquine
Species
- Previously, P. falciparum (primarily)
Recommended chemoprophylaxis
- None (insect bite precautions / mosquito avoidance only)5
Other Vaccines to Consider
Cayman Islands (U.K.)
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
See Health Information for Travelers to Cayman Islands (U.K.)
Central African Republic
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required for arriving travelers from all countries if traveler is ≥9 months of age.
Recommendations: Recommended for all travelers ≥9 months of age.
Malaria
Transmission areas
- All
Drug resistance3
- Chloroquine
Species
- P. falciparum (primarily)
- P. malariae, P. ovale, and P. vivax (less commonly)
Recommended chemoprophylaxis
- Atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, mefloquine, tafenoquine4
Other Vaccines to Consider
See Health Information for Travelers to Central African Republic
Chad
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required if traveling from a country with risk of YF virus transmission and ≥9 months of age, including transit >12 hours in an airport located in a country with risk of YF virus transmission.1
Recommendations: Recommended for all travelers ≥9 months of age traveling to areas south of the Sahara Desert (see Map 4-13). Not recommended for travelers whose itineraries are limited to areas in the Sahara Desert (see Map 4-13).
Malaria
Transmission areas
- All
Drug resistance3
- Chloroquine
Species
- P. falciparum (primarily)
- P. malariae, P. ovale, and P. vivax (less commonly)
Recommended chemoprophylaxis
- Atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, mefloquine, tafenoquine4
Other Vaccines to Consider
Chile
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
China
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required if traveling from a country with risk of YF virus transmission and ≥9 months of age, including transit in an airport located in a country with risk of YF virus transmission.1 This requirement does not apply to travelers whose itineraries are limited to Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR) and Macao SAR.
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Related Maps
Other Vaccines to Consider
Christmas Island (Australia)
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required if traveling from a country with risk of YF virus transmission and ≥1 year of age, including transit >12 hours in an airport located in a country with risk of YF virus transmission.1 This requirement excludes Galápagos Islands in Ecuador.
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
See Health Information for Travelers to Christmas Island (Australia)
Cocos (Keeling) Islands (Australia)
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required if traveling from a country with risk of YF virus transmission and ≥1 year of age, including transit >12 hours in an airport located in a country with risk of YF virus transmission.1 This requirement excludes Galápagos Islands in Ecuador.
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
See Health Information for Travelers to Cocos (Keeling) Islands (Australia)
Colombia
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required if arriving from Angola, Brazil, Democratic Republic of the Congo, or Uganda and ≥1 year of age and for travelers who have transited >12 hours in an airport located in any of these same countries.
Recommendations: Recommended for all travelers ≥9 months of age except as mentioned below. Generally not recommended for travelers to the cities of Barranquilla, Cali, Cartagena, and Medellín (see Map 2-09). Not recommended for travelers whose itineraries are limited to all areas >2,300 m (7,546 ft) in elevation, the department of San Andrès y Providencia, and the capital city of Bogotá.
Malaria
Transmission areas
- All areas below 1,700 m (~5,600 ft) elevation
- No malaria transmission in the cities of Bogotá (the capital), Cartagena, or Medellín
Drug resistance3
- Chloroquine
Species
- P. falciparum (50%)
- P. vivax (50%)
Recommended chemoprophylaxis
- Atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, mefloquine, tafenoquine4
Related Maps
Map 2-09. Yellow fever vaccine recommendations in Colombia
Other Vaccines to Consider
Comoros
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
Transmission areas
- All
Drug resistance3
- Chloroquine
Species
- P. falciparum (primarily)
- P. malariae and P. vivax (rare)
Recommended chemoprophylaxis
- Atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, mefloquine, tafenoquine4
Other Vaccines to Consider
Congo, Republic of the (Congo-Brazzaville)
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required for arriving travelers from all countries if traveler is ≥9 months of age.
Recommendations: Recommended for all travelers ≥9 months of age.
Malaria
Transmission areas
- All
Drug resistance3
- Chloroquine
Species
- P. falciparum (primarily)
- P. malariae, P. ovale, and P. vivax (less commonly)
Recommended chemoprophylaxis
- Atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, mefloquine, tafenoquine4
Other Vaccines to Consider
See Health Information for Travelers to Congo, Republic of the
Cook Islands (New Zealand)
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
See Health Information for Travelers to Cook Islands (New Zealand)
Costa Rica
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required if traveling from a country with risk of YF virus transmission and ≥9 months of age.1 This requirement excludes Argentina and Panama. It includes Tanzania, Zambia and the designated areas of the following countries: Colombia (the entire country except Barranquilla, Cali, Cartagena, Medellín and San Andrés Providencia and Bogotá); Ecuador (applies only to Morona-Santiago, Napo, Orellana, Pastaza, Sucumbíos and Zamora-Chinchipe, and excludes the rest of the country); Paraguay (the entire country except Asunción, the capital); Peru (the entire country except Lima, the capital, Cuzco, Machu Picchu, the Inca Trail, Lambayeque, Tumbes, Piura and Cajamarca); Trinidad and Tobago (the entire country except the urban areas of Port of Spain, and for travelers in transit or whose itineraries are limited to the island of Tobago).
Recommendations: None
Malaria
Transmission areas
- Some transmission in Alajuela Province near the border with Nicaragua
- Rare to no transmission in other parts of the country
Drug resistance3
- None
Species
- P. vivax (78%)
- P. falciparum (22%)
Recommended chemoprophylaxis
- Alajuela Province near the border with Nicaragua: Atovaquone-proguanil, chloroquine, doxycycline, mefloquine, tafenoquine4
- All other areas: No chemoprophylaxis recommended (insect bite precautions / mosquito avoidance only)5
Other Vaccines to Consider
Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast)
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required for arriving travelers from all countries if traveler is ≥9 months of age.
Recommendations: Recommended for all travelers ≥9 months of age.
Malaria
Transmission areas
- All
Drug resistance3
- Chloroquine
Species
- P. falciparum (primarily)
- P. malariae, P. ovale, and P. vivax (less commonly)
Recommended chemoprophylaxis
- Atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, mefloquine, tafenoquine4
Other Vaccines to Consider
Croatia
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
Cuba
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required if traveling from a country with risk of YF virus transmission and ≥9 months of age, including transit >12 hours in an airport located in a country with risk of YF virus transmission.1
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
Curaçao
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required if traveling from a country with risk of YF virus transmission and ≥9 months of age, including transit >12 hours in an airport located in a country with risk of YF virus transmission.1
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
See other recommended vaccines and medicines for travelers to Curaçao
Cyprus
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
Czech Republic
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
Democratic Republic of the Congo (Congo-Kinshasa)
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required for arriving travelers from all countries if travelers is ≥9 months of age.
Recommendations: Recommended for all travelers ≥9 months of age
Malaria
Transmission areas
- All
Drug resistance3
- Chloroquine
Species
- P. falciparum (primarily)
- P. malariae, P. ovale, and P. vivax (less commonly)
Recommended chemoprophylaxis
- Atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, mefloquine, tafenoquine4
Other Vaccines to Consider
See Health Information for Travelers to Democratic Republic of the Congo
Denmark
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
Djibouti
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
Transmission areas
- All
Drug resistance3
- Chloroquine
Species
- P. falciparum (60–70%)
- P. vivax (30–40%)
- P. ovale (rare)
Recommended chemoprophylaxis
- Atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, mefloquine, tafenoquine4
Other Vaccines to Consider
Dominica
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required if traveling from a country with risk of YF virus transmission and ≥1 year of age, including transit >12 hours in an airport located in a country with risk of YF virus transmission.1
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
Dominican Republic
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required if traveling from the states of Mina Gerais, Espirito Santo, Sao Paulo or Rio de Janeiro in Brazil and ≥1 year of age, including transit >12 hours in an airport located in any of these states in Brazil.
Recommendations: None
Malaria
Transmission areas
- Primarily in the provinces near the border with Haiti, and the provinces (including resort areas) of La Altagracia, San Cristóbal, San Juan, and Santo Domingo
- In the Distrito Nacional, city of Santo Domingo (the capital), primarily in the La Ciénaga and Los Tres Brazos areas
- Rare transmission in other provinces
Drug resistance3
- None
Species
- P. falciparum (100%)
Recommended chemoprophylaxis
- Provinces near the border with Haiti, and the provinces (including resort areas) of La Altagracia, San Cristóbal, San Juan, and Santo Domingo: Atovaquone-proguanil, chloroquine, doxycycline, mefloquine, tafenoquine4
- All other areas: No chemoprophylaxis recommended (insect bite precautions / mosquito avoidance only)5
Other Vaccines to Consider
Easter Island (Chile)
Yellow Fever
Requirements: This country has not stated its YF vaccination certificate requirements.
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
See Health Information for Travelers to Easter Island (Chile).
Ecuador, including the Galápagos Islands
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required if traveling from Brazil, Democratic Republic of the Congo, or Uganda and ≥1 year of age including transit >12 hours in an airport located in any of these countries.
Recommendations: Recommended for all travelers ≥9 months of age traveling to areas <2,300 m (7,546 ft) in elevation in the following provinces east of the Andes Mountains: Morona-Santiago, Napo, Orellana, Pastaza, Sucumbios, and Zamora-Chinchipe (Map 2-11).
Generally not recommended for travelers whose itineraries are limited to areas <2,300 m (7,546 ft) in elevation in the following provinces west of the Andes mountains: Esmeraldas,* Guayas, Los Rios, Santa Elena, Santo Domingo de los Tsachilas, and designated areas of Azuay, Bolivar, Canar, Carchi, Chimborazo, Cotopaxi, El Oro, Imbabura, Loja, Pichincha, and Tungurahua (Map 2-11).
Not recommended for travelers whose itineraries are limited to all areas >2,300 m (7,546 ft) in elevation, the cities of Guayaquil and Quito, or the Galápagos Islands (Map 2-11).
*The CDC vaccination recommendation for Esmeraldas Province differs from that published on the WHO International Travel and Health website.
Malaria
Transmission areas
- Areas below 1,500 m (~5,000 ft) elevation in the provinces of Carchi, Cotopaxi, Esmeraldas, Morona-Santiago, Orellana, Pastaza, and Sucumbíos
- Rare cases below 1,500 m (~5,000 ft) in all other provinces
- No malaria transmission in the cities of Guayaquil or Quito (the capital)
- No malaria transmission on the Galápagos Islands
Drug resistance3
- Chloroquine
Species
- P. vivax (85%)
- P. falciparum (15%)
Recommended chemoprophylaxis
- Transmission areas in Carchi, Cotopaxi, Esmeraldas, Morona-Santiago, Orellana, Pastaza, and Sucumbios Provinces: Atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, mefloquine, tafenoquine4
- All other areas with reported malaria transmission: No chemoprophylaxis recommended (insect bite precautions / mosquito avoidance only)5
Related Maps
Map 2-11. Yellow fever vaccine recommendations in Ecuador
Other Vaccines to Consider
Egypt
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required if traveling from a country with risk of YF virus transmission and ≥9 months of age, including transit >12 hours in an airport located in a country with risk of YF virus transmission. This includes Eritrea, Rwanda, Somalia, Tanzania, and Zambia.1 In the absence of a vaccination certificate, the person will be detained in quarantine for up to 6 days afer departure from an area at risk of YF virus transmission.
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
El Salvador
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required if traveling from a country with risk of YF virus transmission and ≥1 year of age, including transit >12 hours in an airport located in a country with risk of YF virus transmission.1
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
Equatorial Guinea
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required if traveling from a country with risk of YF virus transmission and ≥9 months of age.1
Recommendations: Recommended for all travelers ≥9 months of age.
Malaria
Transmission areas
- All
Drug resistance3
- Chloroquine
Species
- P. falciparum (primarily)
- P. malariae, P. ovale, and P. vivax (less commonly)
Recommended chemoprophylaxis
- Atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, mefloquine, tafenoquine4
Other Vaccines to Consider
Eritrea
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required if traveling from a country with risk of YF virus transmission and ≥9 months of age.1
Recommendations: Generally not recommended for travelers going to the following states: Anseba, Debub, Gash Barka, Mae Kel, and Semenawi Keih Bahri. Not recommended for all areas not listed above, including the Dahlak Archipelago (see Map 4-13).
Malaria
Transmission areas
- All areas below 2,200 m (~7,200 ft) elevation
- No malaria transmission in Asmara (the capital)
Drug resistance3
- Chloroquine
Species
- P. falciparum (80–85%)
- P. vivax (15–20%)
- P. malariae and P. ovale (rare)
Recommended chemoprophylaxis
- Atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, mefloquine, tafenoquine4
Other Vaccines to Consider
Estonia
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
Eswatini (Swaziland)
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required if traveling from a country with risk of YF virus transmission and ≥9 months of age, including transit in an airport located in a country with risk of YF virus transmission.1
Recommendations: None
Malaria
Transmission areas
- Eastern areas bordering Mozambique and South Africa, including the entire district of Lubombo and the eastern half of Hhohho, Manzini, and Shiselweni districts
Drug resistance3
- Chloroquine
Species
- P. falciparum (primarily)
- P. malariae, P. ovale, and P. vivax (less commonly)
Recommended chemoprophylaxis
- Atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, mefloquine, tafenoquine4
Other Vaccines to Consider
Ethiopia
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required if traveling from a country with risk of YF virus transmission and ≥9 months of age, including transit >12 hours in an airport located in a country with risk of YF virus transmission.1
Recommendations: Recommended for all travelers ≥9 months of age, except as mentioned below. Generally not recommended for travelers whose itinerary is limited to the Afar and Somali Provinces (see Map 2-13).
Malaria
Transmission areas
- All areas below 2,500 m (~8,200 ft) elevation, except none in Addis Ababa (the capital)
Drug resistance3
- Chloroquine
Species
- P. falciparum (80%)
- P. vivax (20%)
- P. malariae and P. ovale (rare)
Recommended chemoprophylaxis
- Atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, mefloquine, tafenoquine4
Related Maps
Map 2-13. Yellow fever vaccine recommendations in Ethiopia
Other Vaccines to Consider
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
See Health Information for Travelers to Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas).
Faroe Islands (Denmark)
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
See Health Information for Travelers to Faroe Islands (Denmark).
Fiji
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required if traveling from a country with risk of YF virus transmission and ≥1 year of age, including transit >12 hours in an airport located in a country with risk of YF virus transmission.1
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
Finland
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
France
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
French Guiana
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required for arriving travelers from all countries if traveler is ≥1 year of age.
Recommendations: Recommended for all travelers ≥9 months of age.
Malaria
Transmission areas
- Areas associated with gold mining, primarily the communes near the border with Brazil and Suriname, especially St.-Georges-de-l’Oyapock and Regina; also the communes of Kourou, Matoury, and Saint-Elie
- No malaria transmission in coastal areas west of Kourou
- No malaria transmission in Cayenne City (the capital)
Drug resistance3
- Chloroquine
Species
- P. vivax (85%)
- P. falciparum (15%)
- P. malariae (rare)
Recommended chemoprophylaxis
- Atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, mefloquine, tafenoquine4
Other Vaccines to Consider
See Health Information for Travelers to French Guiana (France).
French Polynesia, including the island groups of Society Islands (Tahiti, Moorea, and Bora-Bora); Marquesas Islands (Hiva Oa and Ua Huka); and Austral Islands (Tubuai and Rurutu)
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required if traveling from a country with risk of YF virus transmission and ≥1 year of age, including transit >12 hours in an airport located in a country with risk of YF virus transmission.1
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
See Health Information for Travelers to French Polynesia (France).
Gabon
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required for arriving travelers from all countries if traveler is ≥9 months of age.
Recommendations: Recommended for all travelers ≥9 months of age.
Malaria
Transmission areas
- All
Drug resistance3
- Chloroquine
Species
- P. falciparum (primarily)
- P. malariae, P. ovale, and P. vivax (less commonly)
Recommended chemoprophylaxis
- Atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, mefloquine, tafenoquine4
Other Vaccines to Consider
Gambia, The
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required if traveling from a country with risk of YF virus transmission and ≥9 months of age, including transit >12 hours in an airport located in a country with risk of YF virus transmission.1
Recommendations: Recommended for all travelers ≥9 months of age.
Malaria
Transmission areas
- All
Drug resistance3
- Chloroquine
Species
- P. falciparum (primarily)
- P. malariae, P. ovale, and P. vivax (less commonly)
Recommended chemoprophylaxis
- Atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, mefloquine, tafenoquine4
Other Vaccines to Consider
Georgia
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
Germany
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
Ghana
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required for arriving travelers from all countries if traveler is ≥9 months of age.
Recommendations: Recommended for all travelers ≥9 months of age.
Malaria
Transmission areas
- All
Drug resistance3
- Chloroquine
Species
- P. falciparum (primarily)
- P. malariae, P. ovale, and P. vivax (less commonly)
Recommended chemoprophylaxis
- Atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, mefloquine, tafenoquine4
Other Vaccines to Consider
Gibraltar (U.K.)
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
Greece
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
Transmission areas
- Rare, local transmission in agricultural areas, associated with imported malaria (May–November)
- No malaria transmission in tourist areas
Drug resistance3
- Not applicable
Species
- P. vivax (100%)
Recommended chemoprophylaxis
- None
Other Vaccines to Consider
Greenland (Denmark)
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
See Health Information for Travelers to Greenland (Denmark).
Grenada
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required if traveling from a country with risk of YF virus transmission and ≥1 year of age, including transit >12 hours in an airport located in a country with risk of YF virus transmission.1
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
Guadeloupe
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required if traveling from a country with risk of YF virus transmission and ≥1 year of age, including transit >12 hours in a country with risk of YF virus transmission.1
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
Guam (U.S.)
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
Guatemala
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required if traveling from a country with risk of YF virus transmission and ≥1 year of age, including transit >12 hours in an airport located in a country with risk of YF virus transmission.1
Recommendations: None
Malaria
Transmission areas
- Primarily in the departments of Alta Verapaz, Escuintla, Izabal, Petén, and Suchitapéquez
- Few cases reported in other departments
- No malaria transmission in the cities of Antigua or Guatemala City (the capital)
- No malaria transmission at Lake Atitlán
Drug resistance3
- None
Species
- P. vivax (99%)
- P. falciparum (1%)
Recommended chemoprophylaxis
- Departments of Alta Verapaz, Escuintla, Izabal, Petén, and Suchitapéquez: Atovaquone-proguanil, chloroquine, doxycycline, mefloquine, primaquine6, tafenoquine4
- Other areas with reported malaria transmission: No chemoprophylaxis recommended (insect bite precautions / mosquito avoidance only)5
Other Vaccines to Consider
Guinea
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required if traveling from a country with risk of YF virus transmission and ≥9 months of age.1 Required for all arriving travelers from all countries if traveler is ≥9 months of age and arriving at Ahmed Sékou Touré International Airport in Conakry.
Recommendations: Recommended for all travelers ≥9 months of age.
Malaria
Transmission areas
- All
Drug resistance3
- Chloroquine
Species
- P. falciparum (primarily)
- P. malariae, P. ovale, and P. vivax (less commonly)
Recommended chemoprophylaxis
- Atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, mefloquine, tafenoquine4
Other Vaccines to Consider
Guinea-Bissau
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required for arriving travelers from all countries if traveler is ≥1 year of age.
Recommendations: Recommended for all travelers ≥9 months of age.
Malaria
Transmission areas
- All
Drug resistance3
- Chloroquine
Species
- P. falciparum (primarily)
- P. malariae, P. ovale, and P. vivax (less commonly)
Recommended chemoprophylaxis
- Atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, mefloquine, tafenoquine4
Other Vaccines to Consider
Guyana
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required if traveling from a country with risk of YF virus transmission and ≥1 year of age, including transit >4 hours in an airport located in a country with risk of YF virus transmission.1
Recommendations: Recommended for all travelers ≥9 months of age.
Malaria
Transmission areas
- All
- Rare cases in the cities of Amsterdam and Georgetown (the capital)
Drug resistance3
- Chloroquine
Species
- P. vivax (60%)
- P. falciparum (40%)
Recommended chemoprophylaxis
- All areas (except the cities of Amsterdam and Georgetown): Atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, mefloquine, tafenoquine4
- Cities of Georgetown and Amsterdam: No chemoprophylaxis recommended (insect bite precautions / mosquito avoidance only)5
Other Vaccines to Consider
Haiti
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required if traveling from a country with risk of YF virus transmission and ≥1 year of age.1
Recommendations: None
Malaria
Transmission areas
- All (including Labadee [also known as Port Labadee])
Drug resistance3
- None
Species
- P. falciparum (99%)
- P. malariae (rare)
Recommended chemoprophylaxis
- Atovaquone-proguanil, chloroquine, doxycycline, mefloquine, tafenoquine4
Other Vaccines to Consider
Honduras
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required if traveling from a country with risk of YF virus transmission and ≥1 year of age.1
Recommendations: None
Malaria
Transmission areas
- Throughout the country and on the island of Roatán and other Bay Islands
- No malaria transmission in the cities of San Pedro Sula or Tegucigalpa (the capital)
Drug resistance3
- None
Species
- P. vivax (93%)
- P. falciparum (7%)
Recommended chemoprophylaxis
- Atovaquone-proguanil, chloroquine, doxycycline, mefloquine, tafenoquine4
Other Vaccines to Consider
Hong Kong SAR (China)
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
See Health Information for Travelers to Hong Kong SAR (China).
Hungary
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
Iceland
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
India
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Any traveler (except infants <9 months old) arriving by air or sea without a yellow fever vaccination certificate is detained in isolation for up to 6 days if that person—
1) arrives within 6 days of departure from an area with risk of YF virus transmission,
2) has been in such an area in transit (except those passengers and members of flight crews who, while in transit through an airport in an area with risk of YF virus transmission, remained in the airport during their entire stay and the health officer agrees to such an exemption),
3) arrives on a ship that started from or touched at any port in an area with risk of YF virus transmission up to 30 days before its arrival in India, unless such a ship has been disinsected in accordance with the procedure recommended by WHO, or
4) arrives on an aircraft that has been in an area with risk of YF virus transmission and has not been disinsected in accordance with the Indian Aircraft Public Health Rules, 1954, or as recommended by WHO.
The following are regarded as countries and areas with risk of YF virus transmission:
Africa: Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Sudan, Sudan, Togo, and Uganda.
Americas: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago (Trinidad only), and Venezuela.
Note: When a case of yellow fever is reported from any country, that country is regarded by the government of India as a country with risk of YF virus transmission and is added to the above list.
Recommendations: None
Malaria
Transmission areas
- Throughout the country, including the cities of Bombay (Mumbai) and New Delhi (the capital)
- No malaria transmission in areas above 2,000 m (~6,500 ft) elevation in Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, or Sikkim
Drug resistance3
- Chloroquine
Species
- P. vivax (50%)
- P. falciparum (>40%)
- P. malariae and P. ovale (rare)
Recommended chemoprophylaxis
- Atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, mefloquine, tafenoquine4
Other Vaccines to Consider
Indonesia
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required if traveling from a country with risk of YF virus transmission and ≥9 months of age.1
Recommendations: None
Malaria
Transmission areas
- All areas of eastern Indonesia (Maluku, North Maluku, East Nusa Tenggara, Papua, and West Papua provinces), including the town of Labuan Bajo and the Komodo Islands in the Nusa Tenggara region
- Rural areas of Kalimantan (Borneo), West Nusa Tenggara (includes the island of Lombok), Sulawesi, and Sumatra
- Low transmission in rural areas of Java, including Pangandaran, Sukabumi, and Ujung Kulong
- No malaria transmission in the cities of Jakarta (the capital) or Ubud
- No malaria transmission in the resort areas of Bali and Java, the Gili Islands, or the Thousand Islands (Pulau Seribu)
Drug resistance3
- Chloroquine (both P. falciparum and P. vivax)
Species
- P. falciparum (60%)
- P. vivax (40%)
- P. knowlesi7, P. malariae, and P. ovale (rare)
Recommended chemoprophylaxis
- Atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, mefloquine, tafenoquine4
Other Vaccines to Consider
Iran
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required if traveling from a country with risk of YF virus transmission and ≥9 months of age, including transit >12 hours in an airport located in a country with risk of YF virus transmission.1
Recommendations: None
Malaria
Transmission areas
- No indigenous cases reported since 2017
- Previously, in rural areas of Fars Province, Sistan-Baluchestan Province, and southern, tropical regions of Hormozgan and Kerman Provinces (March–November)
Drug resistance3
- Previously, chloroquine
Species
- Previously, P. vivax (93%)
- Previously, P. falciparum (7%)
Recommended chemoprophylaxis
- None (insect bite precautions / mosquito avoidance only)5
Other Vaccines to Consider
Iraq
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required if traveling from a country with risk of YF virus transmission and ≥9 months of age, including transit >12 hours in an airport located in a country with risk of YF virus transmission.1
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
Ireland
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
Israel
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
See Health Information for Travelers to Israel, including the West Bank and Gaza.
Italy including Holy See (Vatican City)
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
Jamaica
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required if traveling from a country with risk of YF virus transmission and ≥1 year of age, including transit >12 hours in an airport located in a country with risk of YF virus transmission.1
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
Japan
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
Jordan
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required if traveling from a country with risk of YF virus transmission and ≥1 year of age, including transit >12 hours in an airport located in a country with risk of YF virus transmission.1
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
Kazakhstan
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required if traveling from a country with risk of YF virus transmission, including transit in an airport located in a country with risk of YF virus transmission.1
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
Kenya
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required if traveling from a country with risk of YF virus transmission and ≥1 year of age.1
Recommendations: Recommended for all travelers ≥9 months of age, except as mentioned below. Generally not recommended for travelers whose itinerary is limited to the following areas: the entire North Eastern Province; the states of Kilifi, Kwale, Lamu, Malindi, and Tanariver in the Coast Province; and the cities of Mombasa and Nairobi (see Map 2-16).
Malaria
Transmission areas
- All areas (including game parks) below 2,500 m (~8,200 ft) elevation, including the city of Nairobi (the capital)
Drug resistance3
- Chloroquine
Species
- P. falciparum (primarily)
- P. malariae, P. ovale, and P. vivax (less commonly)
Recommended chemoprophylaxis
- Atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, mefloquine, tafenoquine4
Related Maps
Map 2-16. Yellow fever vaccine recommendations in Kenya
Other Vaccines to Consider
Kiribati (formerly Gilbert Islands), includes Tarawa, Tabuaeran (Fanning Island), and Banaba (Ocean Island)
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
Kosovo
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
Kuwait
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
Kyrgyzstan
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
Laos
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
Transmission areas
- All, except none in Vientiane (the capital)
Drug resistance3
- Chloroquine and mefloquine
Species
- P. vivax (55%)
- P. falciparum (45%)
- P. knowlesi7 , P. malariae, and P. ovale (rare)
Recommended chemoprophylaxis
- Along the border with Burma (Bokeo and Luang Namtha Provinces); along border with Cambodia; along border with Thailand (Champasak and Salavan Provinces); along the border with Vietnam: Atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, tafenoquine4
- All other areas with malaria transmission: Atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, mefloquine, tafenoquine4
Other Vaccines to Consider
Latvia
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
Lebanon
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
Lesotho
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
Liberia
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required if traveling from a country with risk of YF virus transmission and ≥9 months of age.1
Recommendations: Recommended for all travelers ≥9 months of age.
Malaria
Transmission areas
- All
Drug resistance3
- Chloroquine
Species
- P. falciparum (primarily)
- P. malariae, P. ovale, and P. vivax (less commonly)
Recommended chemoprophylaxis
- Atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, mefloquine, tafenoquine4
Other Vaccines to Consider
Libya
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
Liechtenstein
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
Lithuania
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
Luxembourg
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
Macau SAR (China)
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
Madagascar
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required if traveling from a country with risk of YF virus transmission and ≥9 months of age, including transit >12 hours in an airport located in a country with risk of YF virus transmission.1
Recommendations: None
Malaria
Transmission areas
- All; in Antananarivo (the capital), malaria transmission is rare
Drug resistance3
- Chloroquine
Species
- P. falciparum (primarily)
- P. ovale and P. vivax (less commonly)
Recommended chemoprophylaxis
- All areas (except the city of Antananarivo): Atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, mefloquine, tafenoquine4
- Antananarivo: No chemoprophylaxis recommended (insect bite precautions / mosquito avoidance only)5
Other Vaccines to Consider
Madeira Islands (Portugal)
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
See Health Information for Travelers to Madeira Islands (Portugal).
Malawi
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required if traveling from a country with risk of YF virus transmission and ≥1 year of age, including transit >12 hours in an airport located in a country with risk of YF virus transmission.1
Recommendations: None
Malaria
Transmission areas
- All
Drug resistance3
- Chloroquine
Species
- P. falciparum (primarily)
- P. malariae, P. ovale, and P. vivax (less commonly)
Recommended chemoprophylaxis
- Atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, mefloquine, tafenoquine4
Other Vaccines to Consider
Malaysia
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required if traveling from a country with risk of YF virus transmission and ≥1 year of age, including transit >12 hours in an airport located in a country with risk of YF virus transmission.1
Recommendations: None
Malaria
Transmission areas
- No indigenous cases of human malaria since 2017
- Zoonotic transmission of simian malaria occurs in rural, forested areas
- No malaria transmission in other areas, including Kuala Lumpur (the capital), in Penang State, on Penang Island, or in George Town (capital of Penang State)
Drug resistance3
- Previously, chloroquine
Species
- P. knowlesi7 (primarily)
- Previously, P. falciparum, P. malariae, P. ovale, and P. vivax
Recommended chemoprophylaxis
- In rural, forested areas: atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, mefloquine, tafenoquine4
Other Vaccines to Consider
Maldives
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required if traveling from a country with risk of YF virus transmission and ≥9 months of age, including transit >12 hours in an airport located in a country with risk of YF virus transmission.1
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
Mali
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required for arriving travelers from all countries if traveler is ≥9 months of age.
Recommendations: Recommended for all travelers ≥9 months of age going to areas south of the Sahara Desert (see Map 4-13). Not recommended for travelers whose itineraries are limited to areas in the Sahara Desert (see Map 4-13).
Malaria
Transmission areas
- All
Drug resistance3
- Chloroquine
Species
- P. falciparum (primarily)
- P. malariae, P. ovale, and P. vivax (less commonly)
Recommended chemoprophylaxis
- Atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, mefloquine, tafenoquine4
Other Vaccines to Consider
Malta
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required if traveling from a country with risk of YF virus transmission and ≥9 months of age, including transit >12 hours in an airport located in a country with risk of YF virus transmission.1
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
Marshall Islands
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
Martinique (France)
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required if traveling from a country with risk of YF virus transmission and ≥1 year of age, including transit >12 hours in an airport located in a country with risk of YF virus transmission.1
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
See Health Information for Travelers to Martinique (France).
Mauritania
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required if traveling from a country with risk of YF virus transmission and ≥1 year of age.1
Recommendations: Recommended for all travelers ≥9 months of age traveling to areas south of the Sahara Desert (see Map 4-13). Not recommended for travelers whose itineraries are limited to areas in the Sahara Desert (see Map 4-13).
Malaria
Transmission areas
- All, except no malaria transmission in the regions of Dakhlet-Nouadhibou or Tiris-Zemour
Drug resistance3
- Chloroquine
Species
- P. falciparum (primarily)
- P. malariae, P. ovale, and P. vivax (less commonly)
Recommended chemoprophylaxis
- Atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, mefloquine, tafenoquine4
Other Vaccines to Consider
Mauritius
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
Mayotte (France)
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required if traveling from a country with risk of YF virus transmission and ≥1 year of age, including transit >12 hours in an airport located in a country with risk of YF virus transmission.1
Recommendations: None
Malaria
Transmission areas
- Rare cases
Drug resistance3
- Chloroquine
Species
- P. falciparum (primarily)
- P. malariae, P. ovale, and P. vivax (less commonly)
Recommended chemoprophylaxis
- None (insect bite precautions / mosquito avoidance only)5
Other Vaccines to Consider
Mexico
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
Transmission areas
- Chiapas and southern part of Chihuahua
- Rare in Campeche, Durango, Nayarit, Quintana Roo, Sinaloa, Sonora, and Tabasco
- No malaria transmission along the U.S.–Mexico border
Drug resistance3
- None
Species
- P. vivax (100%)
Recommended chemoprophylaxis
- Chiapas and southern part of Chihuahua: Atovaquone-proguanil, chloroquine, doxycycline, mefloquine, primaquine6, tafenoquine4
- All other areas with malaria transmission: No chemoprophylaxis recommended (insect bite precautions / mosquito avoidance only)5
Other Vaccines to Consider
Micronesia, Federated States of; includes Yap Islands, Pohnpei, Chuuk, and Kosrae
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
See Health Information for Travelers to Micronesia, Federated States of.
Moldova
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
Monaco
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
Mongolia
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
Montenegro
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
Montserrat (U.K.)
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required if traveling from a country with risk of YF virus transmission and ≥1 year of age, including transit in an airport located in a country with risk of YF virus transmission.1
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
Morocco
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
Mozambique
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required if traveling from a country with risk of YF virus transmission and ≥9 months of age, including transit >12 hours in an airport located in a country with risk of YF virus transmission.1
Recommendations: None
Malaria
Transmission areas
- All
Drug resistance3
- Chloroquine
Species
- P. falciparum (primarily)
- P. malariae, P. ovale, and P. vivax (less commonly)
Recommended chemoprophylaxis
- Atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, mefloquine, tafenoquine4
Other Vaccines to Consider
Namibia
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required if traveling from a country with risk of YF virus transmission and ≥9 months of age, including transit >12 hours in an airport located in a country with risk of YF virus transmission.1
Recommendations: None
Malaria
Transmission areas
- In the regions of Kavango (East and West), Kunene, Ohangwena, Omaheke, Omusati, Oshana, Oshikoto, Otjozondjupa, and Zambezi
- Rare in other parts of the country
- No malaria transmission in Windhoek (the capital)
Drug resistance3
- Chloroquine
Species
- P. falciparum (primarily)
- P. malariae, P. ovale, and P. vivax (less commonly)
Recommended chemoprophylaxis
- Kavango (East and West), Kunene, Ohangwena, Omaheke, Omusati, Oshana, Oshikoto, Otjozondjupa, and Zambezi: Atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, mefloquine, tafenoquine4
- All other areas with malaria transmission: No chemoprophylaxis recommended (insect bite precautions / mosquito avoidance only)5
Other Vaccines to Consider
Nauru
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
Nepal
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required if traveling from a country with risk of YF virus transmission and ≥9 months of age, including transit >12 hours in an airport located in a country with risk of YF virus transmission.1
Recommendations: None
Malaria
Transmission areas
- Throughout the country in areas below 2,000 m (~6,500 ft) elevation
- No malaria transmission in Kathmandu (the capital) or on typical Himalayan treks
Drug resistance3
- Chloroquine
Species
- P. vivax (primarily)
- P. falciparum (<10%)
Recommended chemoprophylaxis
- Atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, mefloquine, tafenoquine4
Other Vaccines to Consider
Netherlands
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
Netherlands Antilles (Bonaire, Curaçao, Saba, St. Eustasius, and St. Maarten)
Yellow Fever
Requirements: See Bonaire, Curaçao, Saba, St. Eustasius, and St. Maarten for yellow fever information.
Recommendations: None
Malaria
Transmission areas
- See Bonaire, Curaçao, Saba, St. Eustasius, and St. Maarten for malaria information.
New Caledonia (France)
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required if traveling from a country with risk of YF virus transmission and ≥1 year of age, including transit >12 hours in an airport located in a country with risk of YF virus transmission.1 Note: In the event of an epidemic threat to the territory, a specific vaccination certificate may be required.
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
See Health Information for Travelers to New Caledonia (France).
New Zealand
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
Nicaragua
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required if traveling from a country with risk of YF virus transmission and ≥1 year of age.1
Recommendations: None
Malaria
Transmission areas
- Región Autónoma Atlántico Norte (RAAN) and Región Autónoma Atlántico Sur (RAAS)
- Rare cases in the departments of Boaco, Chinandega, Estelí, Jinotega, León, Matagalpa, and Nueva Segovia
- No malaria transmission in Managua (the capital)
Drug resistance3
- None
Species
- P. vivax (80%)
- P. falciparum (20%)
Recommended chemoprophylaxis
- Región Autónoma Atlántico Norte (RAAN) and Región Autónoma Atlántico Sur (RAAS): Atovaquone-proguanil, chloroquine, doxycycline, mefloquine, tafenoquine4
- All other areas with malaria transmission: No chemoprophylaxis recommended (insect bite precautions / mosquito avoidance only)5
Other Vaccines to Consider
Niger
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required for arriving travelers from all countries if traveler is ≥9 months of age.
Recommendations: Recommended for all travelers ≥9 months of age traveling to areas south of the Sahara Desert (see Map 4-13). Not recommended for travelers whose itineraries are limited to areas in the Sahara Desert (see Map 4-13).
Malaria
Transmission areas
- All
Drug resistance3
- Chloroquine
Species
- P. falciparum (primarily)
- P. malariae, P. ovale, and P. vivax (less commonly)
Recommended chemoprophylaxis
- Atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, mefloquine, tafenoquine4
Other Vaccines to Consider
Nigeria
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required if traveling from a country with risk of YF virus transmission and ≥9 months of age, including transit in an airport located in a country with risk of YF virus transmission.1
Recommendations: Recommended for all travelers ≥9 months of age.
Malaria
Transmission areas
- All
Drug resistance3
- Chloroquine
Species
- P. falciparum (primarily)
- P. malariae, P. ovale, and P. vivax (less commonly)
Recommended chemoprophylaxis
- Atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, mefloquine, tafenoquine4
Other Vaccines to Consider
Niue (New Zealand)
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required if traveling from a country with risk of YF virus transmission and ≥9 months of age.1
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
Norfolk Island (Australia)
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required if traveling from a country with risk of YF virus transmission and ≥1 year of age, including transit >12 hours in an airport located in a country with risk of YF virus transmission.1 This requirement excludes Galápagos Islands in Ecuador.
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
See Health Information for Travelers to Norfolk Island (Australia).
North Korea
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required if traveling from a country with risk of YF virus transmission and ≥1 year of age.1
Recommendations: None
Malaria
Transmission areas
- Southern provinces
Drug resistance3
- None
Species
- P. vivax (100%)
Recommended chemoprophylaxis
Other Vaccines to Consider
North Macedonia
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
Northern Mariana Islands (U.S.), includes Saipan, Tinian, and Rota Island
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
See Health Information for Travelers to Northern Mariana Islands (U.S.).
Norway
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
Oman
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required if traveling from a country with risk of YF virus transmission and ≥9 months of age, including transit >12 hours in an airport located in a country with risk of YF virus transmission.1
Recommendations: None
Malaria
Transmission areas
- Rare sporadic transmission after importation only
Drug resistance3
- Previously, chloroquine
Species
- Previously, P. falciparum and P. vivax
Recommended chemoprophylaxis
- None (insect bite precautions / mosquito avoidance only)5
Other Vaccines to Consider
Pakistan
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required if traveling from a country with risk of YF virus transmission and ≥1 year of age.1
Recommendations: None
Malaria
Transmission areas
- All areas (including all cities) below 2,500 m (~8,200 ft) elevation
Drug resistance3
- Chloroquine
Species
- P. vivax (80%)
- P. falciparum (20%)
Recommended chemoprophylaxis
- Atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, mefloquine, tafenoquine4
Other Vaccines to Consider
Palau
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
Panama
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required if traveling from a country with risk of YF virus transmission and ≥1 year of age.
Recommendations: Recommended for all travelers ≥9 months of age traveling to all mainland areas east of the area surrounding the canal (the entire provinces of Darién (including Emberá) and Kuna Yala [also spelled Guna Yala] and areas of the provinces of Colón and Panamá that are east of the canal) (see Map 2-21). Not recommended for travelers whose itineraries are limited to areas west of the canal, the city of Panama, the canal area itself, and the Balboa Islands (Pearl Islands) and San Blas Islands (see Map 2-21).
Malaria
Transmission areas
- The provinces of Bocas del Toro, Chiriquí, Colón, Darién, Panamá, and Veraguas
- The indigenous provinces (comarcas indígena) of Emberá, Kuna Yala (also spelled Guna Yala) and Ngäbe-Buglé
- No malaria transmission in the province of Panamá Oeste, the Canal Zone, or in Panama City (the capital)
Drug resistance3
- Chloroquine (east of the Panama Canal)
Species
- P. vivax (97%)
- P. falciparum (3%)
Recommended chemoprophylaxis
- The provinces of Darién, Emberá, eastern Panamá, and Kuna Yala: Atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, mefloquine, primaquine6, tafenoquine4
- The provinces of Bocas del Toro, Chiriquí, Colón, Veraguas, and Ngäbe-Buglé: Atovaquone-proguanil, chloroquine, doxycycline, mefloquine, primaquine6, tafenoquine4
Related Maps
Map 2-21. Yellow fever vaccine recommendations in Panama
Other Vaccines to Consider
Papua New Guinea
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required if traveling from a country with risk of YF virus transmission and ≥1 year of age, including transit in an airport located in a country with risk of YF virus transmission.1
Recommendations: None
Malaria
Transmission areas
- Throughout the country in areas below 2,000 m (~6,500 ft) elevation
Drug resistance3
- Chloroquine (both P. falciparum and P. vivax)
Species
- P. falciparum (75%)
- P. vivax (25%)
- P. malariae and P. ovale (rare)
Recommended chemoprophylaxis
- Atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, mefloquine, tafenoquine4
Other Vaccines to Consider
Paraguay
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required if traveling from a country with risk of YF virus transmission and ≥1 year of age.1
Recommendations: Recommended for all travelers ≥9 months of age, except as mentioned below. Generally not recommended for travelers whose itinerary is limited to the city of Asunción.
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
Peru
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: Recommended for all travelers ≥9 months of age going to areas at elevations <2,300 m (7,546 ft) in the regions of Amazonas, Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Martin and Ucayali, Puno, Cusco, Junín, Pasco, and Huánuco, and designated areas (see Map 2-23) of the following regions: far north of Apurimac, far northern Huancavelica, far northeastern Ancash, eastern La Libertad, northern and eastern Cajamarca, northern and northeastern Ayacucho, and eastern Piura. Generally not recommended for travelers whose itineraries are limited to the following areas west of the Andes: regions of Lambayeque and Tumbes and the designated areas (see Map 2-23) of western Piura and south, west, and central Cajamarca. Not recommended for travelers whose itineraries are limited to the following areas: all areas >2,300 m (7,546 ft) in elevation, areas west of the Andes not listed above, the city of Cusco, the capital city of Lima, Machu Picchu, and the Inca Trail (see Map 2-23).
Malaria
Transmission areas
- All areas of the country below 2,500 m (~8,200 ft) elevation, including the cities of Iquitos and Puerto Maldonado and the remote eastern areas only of La Libertad and Lambayeque Regions
- No malaria transmission in the following areas: Lima Province; the cities of Arequipa, Ica, Moquegua, Nazca, Puno, or Tacna; the highland tourist areas (Cusco, Machu Picchu, Lake Titicaca); along the Pacific Coast
Drug resistance3
- Chloroquine
Species
- P. vivax (80%)
- P. falciparum (20%)
Recommended chemoprophylaxis
- Atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, mefloquine, tafenoquine4
Related Maps
Map 2-23. Yellow fever vaccine recommendations in Peru
Other Vaccines to Consider
Philippines
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
Transmission areas
- Palawan and Mindanao Islands
- No malaria transmission in metropolitan Manila (the capital) or other urban areas
Drug resistance3
- Chloroquine
Species
- P. falciparum (85%)
- P. vivax (15%)
- P. knowlesi7, P. malariae, and P. ovale (rare)
Recommended chemoprophylaxis
- Atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, mefloquine, tafenoquine4
Other Vaccines to Consider
Pitcairn Islands (U.K.)
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required if traveling from a country with risk of YF virus transmission and ≥1 year of age.1
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
See Health Information for Travelers to Pitcairn Islands (U.K.).
Poland
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
Portugal
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
Puerto Rico (U.S.)
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
Qatar
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
Réunion (France)
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
Romania
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
Russia
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
Rwanda
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required if traveling from a country with risk of YF virus transmission and ≥1 year of age.1
Recommendations: Generally not recommended for travelers to Rwanda.
Malaria
Transmission areas
- All
Drug resistance3
- Chloroquine
Species
- P. falciparum (primarily)
- P. malariae, P. ovale, and P. vivax (less commonly)
Recommended chemoprophylaxis
- Atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, mefloquine, tafenoquine4
Other Vaccines to Consider
Saba
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
Saint Barthelemy
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required if traveling from a country with risk of YF virus transmission and ≥1 year of age, including transit >12 hours in an airport located in a country with risk of YF virus transmission.1
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Saint Helena (U.K.)
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required if traveling from a country with risk of YF virus transmission and ≥1 year of age.1
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
See Health Information for Travelers to Saint Helena (U.K.).
Saint Kitts (Saint Christopher) and Nevis (U.K.)
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required if traveling from a country with risk of YF virus transmission and ≥1 year of age.1
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
See Health Information for Travelers to Saint Kitts and Nevis.
Saint Lucia
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required if traveling from a country with risk of YF virus transmission and ≥9 months of age.1
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
Saint Martin
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required if traveling from a country with risk of YF virus transmission and ≥1 year of age, including transit >12 hours in an airport located in a country with risk of YF virus transmission.1
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Saint Pierre and Miquelon (France)
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
See Health Information for Travelers to Saint Pierre and Miquelon (France).
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required if traveling from a country with risk of YF virus transmission and ≥1 year of age.1
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
See Health Information for Travelers to Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.
Samoa (formerly Western Somoa)
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required if traveling from a country with risk of YF virus transmission and ≥1 year of age, including transit >12 hours in an airport located in a country with risk of YF virus transmission.1
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
See Health Information for Travelers to Samoa (formerly Western Samoa).
San Marino
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
São Tomé and Príncipe
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required if traveling from a country with risk of YF virus transmission and ≥1 year of age, including transit in an airport located in a country with risk of YF virus transmission.1
Recommendations: Generally not recommended for travelers to São Tomé and Príncipe.
Malaria
Transmission areas
- All
Drug resistance3
- Chloroquine
Species
- P. falciparum (primarily)
- P. malariae, P. ovale, and P. vivax (less commonly)
Recommended chemoprophylaxis
- Atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, mefloquine, tafenoquine4
Other Vaccines to Consider
See Health Information for Travelers to São Tomé and Príncipe.
Saudi Arabia
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required if traveling from a country with risk of YF virus transmission and ≥1 year of age, including transit >12 hours in an airport located in a country with risk of YF virus transmission.1
Recommendations: None
Malaria
Transmission areas
- Regions of Asir and Jizan near the Yemen border only
- No malaria transmission in the cities of Jeddah, Mecca, Medina, Riyadh (the capital), or Ta’if
Drug resistance3
- Chloroquine
Species
- P. falciparum (primarily)
- P. vivax (rare)
Recommended chemoprophylaxis
- Atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, mefloquine, tafenoquine4
Other Vaccines to Consider
Senegal
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required if traveling from a country with risk of YF virus transmission and ≥9 months of age, including transit in an airport located in a country with risk of YF virus transmission.1
Recommendations: Recommended for all travelers ≥9 months of age.
Malaria
Transmission areas
- All
Drug resistance3
- Chloroquine
Species
- P. falciparum (primarily)
- P. malariae, P. ovale, and P. vivax (less commonly)
Recommended chemoprophylaxis
- Atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, mefloquine, tafenoquine4
Other Vaccines to Consider
Serbia
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
Seychelles
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required if traveling from a country with risk of YF virus transmission and ≥1 year of age, including transit in an airport located in a country with risk of YF virus transmission.1
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
Sierra Leone
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required for arriving travelers from all countries.
Recommendations: Recommended for all travelers ≥9 months of age.
Malaria
Transmission areas
- All
Drug resistance3
- Chloroquine
Species
- P. falciparum (primarily)
- P. malariae, P. ovale, and P. vivax (less commonly)
Recommended chemoprophylaxis
- Atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, mefloquine, tafenoquine4
Other Vaccines to Consider
Singapore
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required if traveling from a country with risk of YF virus transmission and ≥1 year of age, including transit >12 hours in an airport located in a country with risk of YF virus transmission.1
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
Sint Eustatius
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required if traveling from a country with risk of YF virus transmission and ≥6 months of age.1
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
Sint Maarten
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required if traveling from a country with risk of YF virus transmission and ≥9 months of age.1
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
Slovakia
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
Slovenia
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
Solomon Islands
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required if traveling from a country with risk of YF virus transmission and ≥9 months of age.1
Recommendations: None
Malaria
Transmission areas
- All
Drug resistance3
- Chloroquine
Species
- P. vivax (70%)
- P. falciparum (30%)
- P. ovale (<1%)
Recommended chemoprophylaxis
- Atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, mefloquine, tafenoquine4
Other Vaccines to Consider
Somalia
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required if traveling from a country with risk of YF virus transmission and ≥9 months of age, including transit >12 hours in an airport located in a country with risk of YF virus transmission.1
Recommendations: Generally not recommended for travelers going to the following regions: Bakool, Banaadir, Bay, Galguduud, Gedo, Hiiraan, Lower Juba, Lower Shabelle, Middle Juba, and Middle Shabelle (see Map 4-13). Not recommended for all other areas not listed above.
Malaria
Transmission areas
- All
Drug resistance3
- Chloroquine
Species
- P. falciparum (90%)
- P. vivax (5–10%)
- P. malariae and P. ovale (rare)
Recommended chemoprophylaxis
- Atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, mefloquine, tafenoquine4
Other Vaccines to Consider
South Africa
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required if traveling from a country with risk of YF virus transmission and ≥1 year of age, including transit >12 hours in an airport located in a country with risk of YF virus transmission.1
Recommendations: None
Malaria
Transmission areas
- Along the border with Zimbabwe and Mozambique
- Limpopo Province: Mopani and Vhembe Districts; Waterberg, Capricorn, and Greater Sekhukhune Districts (few cases)
- Mpumalanga Province: Ehlanzeni District
- KwaZulu-Natal Province: uMkhanyakude District; Zululand and King Cetshwayo Districts (few cases)
- Kruger National Park
Drug resistance3
- Chloroquine
Species
- P. falciparum (primarily)
- P. malariae, P. ovale, and P. vivax (less commonly)
Recommended chemoprophylaxis
- Limpopo Province (Mopani and Vhembe Districts); Mpumalanga Province (Ehlanzeni District); KwaZulu-Natal Province (uMkhanyakude District); and Kruger National Park: Atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, mefloquine, tafenoquine4
- All other areas with malaria transmission (including Waterberg, Capricorn, and Greater Sekhukhune Districts, and Zululand and King Cetshwayo Districts): No chemoprophylaxis recommended (insect bite precautions / mosquito avoidance only)5
Other Vaccines to Consider
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
Yellow Fever
Requirements: This country has not stated its yellow fever vaccination certificate requirements.
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
See Health Information for Travelers to South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (U.K.).
South Korea
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
Transmission areas
- Limited to the months of March–December to rural areas in the northern parts of Inch’ŏn (also spelled Incheon), Kangwŏn (also spelled Gangwon), and Kyŏnggi (also spelled Gyeonggi)
- Provinces, including the demilitarized zone (DMZ)
Drug resistance3
- None
Species
- P. vivax (100%)
Recommended chemoprophylaxis
Other Vaccines to Consider
South Sudan, Republic of
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required for arriving travelers from all countries if traveler is ≥9 months of age.
Recommendations: Recommended for all travelers ≥9 months of age.
Malaria
Transmission areas
- All
Drug resistance3
- Chloroquine
Species
- P. falciparum (primarily)
- P. malariae, P. ovale, and P. vivax (less commonly)
Recommended chemoprophylaxis
- Atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, mefloquine, tafenoquine4
Other Vaccines to Consider
Spain
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
Sri Lanka
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required if traveling from a country with risk of YF virus transmission and ≥9 months of age, including transit >12 hours in an airport located in a country with risk of YF virus transmission.1
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
Sudan
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required for arriving travelers from all countries if traveler is ≥1 year of age.
Recommendations: Recommended for all travelers ≥9 months of age traveling to areas south of the Sahara Desert (see Map 4-13). Not recommended for travelers whose itineraries are limited to areas in the Sahara Desert and the city of Khartoum (see Map 4-13).
Malaria
Transmission areas
- All
Drug resistance3
- Chloroquine
Species
- P. falciparum (90%)
- P. vivax (5–10%)
- P. malariae and P. ovale (rare)
Recommended chemoprophylaxis
- Atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, mefloquine, tafenoquine4
Other Vaccines to Consider
Suriname
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required if traveling from a country with risk of YF virus transmission and ≥1 year of age, including transit >12 hours in an airport located in a country with risk of YF virus transmission.1
Recommendations: Recommended for all travelers ≥9 months of age.
Malaria
Transmission areas
- Primarily in Sipaliwini District, near the border with French Guiana
- Limited transmission in Brokopondo, Marowijne, and Para Districts (near the border with French Guiana)
- No malaria transmission in the districts along the Atlantic Coast or in Paramaribo (the capital)
Drug resistance3
- Chloroquine
Species
- P. vivax (70%)
- P. falciparum (30%)
Recommended chemoprophylaxis
- Sipaliwini District near the border with French Guiana: Atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, mefloquine, tafenoquine4
- All other areas with malaria transmission: No chemoprophylaxis recommended (insect bite precautions / mosquito avoidance only)5
Other Vaccines to Consider
Sweden
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
Switzerland
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
Syria
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
Taiwan
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
Tajikistan
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
Transmission areas
- No indigenous cases reported since 2014
Drug resistance3
- Previously, chloroquine
Species
- Previously, P. vivax (90%)
- Previously, P. falciparum (10%)
Recommended chemoprophylaxis
- None (insect bite precautions / mosquito avoidance only)5
Other Vaccines to Consider
Tanzania
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required if traveling from a country with risk of YF virus transmission and ≥1 year of age, including transit >12 hours in an airport located in a country with risk of YF virus transmission.1
Recommendations: Generally not recommended for travelers to Tanzania.
Malaria
Transmission areas
- All areas below 1,800 m (~5,900 ft) elevation
Drug resistance3
- Chloroquine
Species
- P. falciparum (primarily)
- P. malariae and P. ovale (less commonly)
- P. vivax (rare)
Recommended chemoprophylaxis
- Atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, mefloquine, tafenoquine4
Other Vaccines to Consider
Thailand
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required if traveling from a country with risk of YF virus transmission and ≥9 months of age, including transit >12 hours in an airport located in a country with risk of YF virus transmission.1
Recommendations: None
Malaria
Transmission areas
- Primarily the provinces that border Burma (Myanmar), Cambodia (few cases in Buri Ram Province), and Malaysia (few cases in Satun Province)
- Also, Ubon Ratchathani and Phitsanulok Provinces (on the border with Laos), and Surat Thani Province (especially in the rural forest and forest-fringe areas of these provinces)
- Rare to few cases in other parts of Thailand, including the cities of Bangkok (the capital), Chiang Mai, and Chiang Rai, or on the islands of Koh Pha Ngan, Koh Samui, or Phuket
- No malaria transmission on the islands of Krabi Province (Koh Phi Phi, Koh Yao Noi, Koh Yao Yai, Ko Lanta) or in Pattaya City
Drug resistance3
- Chloroquine and mefloquine
Species
- P. vivax (80%)
- P. falciparum (<20%)
- P. knowlesi7, P. malariae, and P. ovale (rare)
Recommended chemoprophylaxis
- Provinces that border Burma (Myanmar), Cambodia (except Buriram Province), and Malaysia (except Satun Province); Ubon Ratchathani, Phitsanulok, and Surat Thani Provinces: Atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, tafenoquine4
- All other areas with malaria transmission (including Buriram and Satun Provinces): No chemoprophylaxis recommended (insect bite precautions / mosquito avoidance only)5
Other Vaccines to Consider
Timor-Leste
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
Transmission areas
- Rare cases; outbreak in Indonesia border area in mid-2020
Drug resistance3
- Previously, chloroquine
Species
- Previously, P. falciparum (50%)
- Previously, P. vivax (50%)
- Previously, P. malariae and P. ovale (each <1%)
Recommended chemoprophylaxis
- None (insect bite precautions / mosquito avoidance only)5
Other Vaccines to Consider
See Health Information for Travelers to Timor-Leste (East Timor).
Togo
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required for arriving travelers from all countries if traveler is ≥9 months of age.
Recommendations: Recommended for all travelers ≥9 months of age.
Malaria
Transmission areas
- All
Drug resistance3
- Chloroquine
Species
- P. falciparum (primarily)
- P. malariae, P. ovale, and P. vivax (less commonly)
Recommended chemoprophylaxis
- Atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, mefloquine, tafenoquine4
Other Vaccines to Consider
Tokelau (New Zealand)
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
See Health Information for Travelers to Tokelau (New Zealand).
Tonga
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
Trinidad and Tobago
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required if traveling from a country with risk of YF virus transmission and ≥1 year of age, including transit >12 hours in an airport located in a country with risk of YF virus transmission.1
Recommendations: Recommended for all travelers ≥9 months of age traveling to densely-forested areas on the island of Trinidad. Not recommended for cruise ship passengers and airplane passengers in transit, or travelers whose itineraries are limited to the island of Tobago.
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
See Health Information for Travelers to Trinidad and Tobago.
Tunisia
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
Turkey
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
Turkmenistan
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
Turks and Caicos Islands (U.K.)
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
See Health Information for Travelers to Turks and Caicos Islands (U.K.).
Tuvalu
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
Uganda
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required for arriving travelers from all countries if traveler is ≥1 year of age.1
Recommendations: Recommended for all travelers ≥9 months of age.
Malaria
Transmission areas
- All
Drug resistance3
- Chloroquine
Species
- P. falciparum (primarily)
- P. malariae, P. ovale, and P. vivax (less commonly)
Recommended chemoprophylaxis
- Atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, mefloquine, tafenoquine4
Other Vaccines to Consider
Ukraine
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
United Arab Emirates
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required if traveling from a country with risk of YF virus transmission and ≥9 months of age, including transit >12 hours in an airport located in a country with risk of YF virus transmission.
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
See Health Information for Travelers to United Arab Emirates.
United Kingdom (with Channel Islands and Isle of Man)
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
United States
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
Uruguay
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required if traveling from a country with risk of YF virus transmission and ≥1 year of age.
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
Uzbekistan
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
Vanuatu
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
Transmission areas
- All
Drug resistance3
- Chloroquine
Species
- P. vivax (75%–90%)
- P. falciparum (10-25%)
- P. ovale (<1%)
Recommended chemoprophylaxis
- Atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, mefloquine, tafenoquine4
Other Vaccines to Consider
Venezuela
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required if traveling from Brazil and ≥1 year of age, including transit >12 hours in an airport located in Brazil
Recommendations: Recommended for all travelers ≥9 months of age, except as mentioned below. Generally not recommended for travelers whose itineraries are limited to the following areas: the states of Aragua, Carabobo, Miranda, Vargas, and Yaracuy, and the Distrito Capital (see Map 2-27). Not recommended for travelers whose itineraries are limited to the following areas: all areas >2,300m (7,546 ft) in elevation in the states of Merida, Tachira, and Trujillo; the states of Falcón and Lara; Margarita Island; the capital city of Caracas; and the city of Valencia (see Map 2-27).
Malaria
Transmission areas
- All areas below 1,700 m (~5,600 ft) elevation and Angel Falls
Drug resistance3
- Chloroquine
Species
- P. vivax (75%)
- P. falciparum (25%)
Recommended chemoprophylaxis
- Atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, mefloquine, tafenoquine4
Related Maps
Map 2-27. Yellow fever vaccine recommendations in Venezuela
Other Vaccines to Consider
Vietnam
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
Transmission areas
- Rural areas only
- Rare cases in the Mekong and Red River Deltas
- No malaria transmission in the cities of Da Nang, Hai Phong, Hanoi (the capital), Ho Chi Minh City (Saigon), Nha Trang, Quy Nhon
Drug resistance3
- Chloroquine and mefloquine
Species
- P. falciparum (65%)
- P. vivax (35%)
- P. knowlesi7, P. malariae, and P. ovale (rare)
Recommended chemoprophylaxis
- Provinces of Bình Dương, Bình Phước, Đắk Lắk, Đắk Nông, Gia Lai, Khánh Hòa, Kon Tum, Lâm Đồng, Ninh Thuận, Tây Ninh: Atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, tafenoquine4
- All other areas with malaria transmission (except Mekong and Red River Deltas): Atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, mefloquine, tafenoquine4
- Mekong and Red River Deltas: No chemoprophylaxis recommended (insect bite precautions / mosquito avoidance only)5
Other Vaccines to Consider
Virgin Islands, British
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
See Health Information for Travelers to Virgin Islands, British .
Virgin Islands, U.S.
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
See Health Information for Travelers to Virgin Islands, U.S..
Wake Island, U.S.
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
No malaria transmission
Other Vaccines to Consider
Yemen
Yellow Fever
Requirements: None
Recommendations: None
Malaria
Transmission areas
- All areas below 2,000 m (~6,500 ft) elevation
- No malaria transmission in Sana’a (the capital)
Drug resistance3
- Chloroquine
Species
- P. falciparum (primarily)
- P. malariae, P. ovale, and P. vivax (less commonly)
Recommended chemoprophylaxis
- Atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, mefloquine, tafenoquine4
Other Vaccines to Consider
Zambia
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required if traveling from a country with risk of YF virus transmission and ≥1 year of age, including transit >12 hours in an airport located in a country with risk of YF virus transmission.1
Recommendations: Generally not recommended for travelers going to the North West and Western Provinces (see Map 2-29). Not recommended in all other areas not listed above.
Malaria
Transmission areas
- All
Drug resistance3
- Chloroquine
Species
- P. falciparum (primarily)
- P. malariae, P. ovale, and P. vivax (less commonly)
Recommended chemoprophylaxis
- Atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, mefloquine, tafenoquine4
Related Maps
Map 2-29. Yellow fever vaccine recommendations in Zambia
Other Vaccines to Consider
Zimbabwe
Yellow Fever
Requirements: Required if traveling from a country with risk of YF virus transmission and ≥9 months of age, including transit >12 hours in an airport located in a country with risk of YF virus transmission.1
Recommendations: None
Malaria
Transmission areas
- All
Drug resistance3
- Chloroquine
Species
- P. falciparum (primarily)
- P. malariae, P. ovale, and P. vivax (less commonly)
Recommended chemoprophylaxis
- Atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, mefloquine, tafenoquine4
Other Vaccines to Consider
FOOTNOTES
Yellow Fever
1 The official WHO list of countries with risk of YF virus transmission can be found in Table 4-23. Proof of yellow fever vaccination should be required only if traveling from a country on the WHO list, unless otherwise specified. The following countries, containing only areas with low potential for exposure to YF virus, are not on the WHO list: Eritrea, Rwanda, São Tomé and Príncipe, Somalia, Tanzania, Zambia.
2 An elevation of 2,300 m is equivalent to 7,546 ft.
Malaria
3 Refers to P. falciparum malaria unless otherwise noted.
4Tafenoquine can cause potentially life-threatening hemolysis in people with G6PD deficiency. Rule out G6PD deficiency with a quantitative laboratory test before prescribing tafenoquine to patients.
5Mosquito avoidance includes applying topical mosquito repellant, sleeping under an insecticide treated mosquito net, and wearing protective clothing (e.g., long pants and socks, long sleeve shirt). For additional details on insect bite precautions, see Section 4, Mosquitoes, Ticks & Other Arthropods.
6Primaquine can cause potentially life-threatening hemolysis in people with G6PD deficiency. Rule out G6PD deficiency with a quantitative laboratory test before prescribing tafenoquine to patients.
7P. knowlesi is a malaria species with a simian host (macaque). Human cases have been reported from most countries in Southeast Asia and are associated with activities in forest or forest-fringe areas. This species of malaria has no known resistance to antimalarials.
Yellow Fever Maps
1 This map is an updated version of the 2010 map crated by the Informal WHO Working Group on the Geographic Risk of Yellow Fever.
2 Yellow fever (YF) vaccination is generally not recommended in areas where there is low potential for YF virus exposure. However, vaccination might be considered for a small subset of travelers to these areas who are at increased risk for exposure to YF virus because of prolonged travel, heavy exposure to mosquitoes, or inability to avoid mosquito bites. Consideration for vaccination of any traveler must take into account the traveler’s risk of being infected with YF virus, country entry requirements, and individual risk factors for serious vaccine-associated adverse events (such as age or immune status).