Early Release

Synopses

• Management of Infant Born to Mother with Q Fever in Pregnancy
  E. Moore et al.
• Human Breast Dirofilariasis, 1959–2025
  D. Grupel et al.

Research

• Estimated Illness Linked to Animal Contact for 7 Pathogens, United States, 2019
  R. Medford et al. View Abstract

  Diseases transmitted through direct or indirect animal contact are a public health concern in the United States. Improvements in laboratory detection methods and illness estimates warrant an update of illness estimates linked to animal contact. We used surveillance data and other sources to estimate the annual number of US illnesses, hospitalizations, and deaths for 7 pathogens. We adjusted for underreporting and underdiagnosis by using established methods. Campylobacter, Cryptosporidium, Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, nontyphoidal Salmonella, and non-pestis Yersinia caused an estimated 995,022 (90% credible interval [CrI] 476,251–1,833,238) animal contact illnesses around 2019. Together with Toxoplasma gondii, those illnesses caused an estimated 9,592 (90% CrI 5,603‒15,557) hospitalizations and 236 (90% CrI 119‒411) deaths in the United States. Increased awareness among health professionals, government officials, industry partners, and the public about animal contact as a mode of disease transmission can aid prevention efforts and enhanced surveillance.

• Identification of Zoonotic Pteropine orthoreovirus in Rousettus amplexicaudatus Fruit Bats, Indonesia
  N. Dharmayanti et al. View Abstract

  Pteropine orthoreovirus (PRV) is an emerging batborne virus with zoonotic potential increasingly linked to human respiratory illness. During 2020–2021, we sampled 182 fruit bats from animal markets and suppliers across Java, Indonesia, and identified species morphologically. We cultured rectal swab samples on Vero cells and sequenced samples showing cytopathic effects by using next-generation technology. We recovered 2 isolates from Rousettus amplexicaudatus bats sold for human consumption in Cianjur, West Java. Comparative analysis of 9 of 10 genomic segments showed the isolates were nearly identical (>99%–100%), except for the S2 segment (88.9%). Phylogenetic analysis indicated close clustering with Nelson Bay, Melaka, Kampar, Pulau, and Garut-69 bat-associated PRVs. We found PRV in R. amplexicaudatus bats in Indonesia, which highlights the zoonotic risk of wildlife trade. Continued surveillance of PRVs at the human–bat interface will be needed to assess the emergence of novel viruses and mitigate potential zoonotic threats.

• Rat Hepatitis E Virus Circulation in Brown Rats from 8 Cities, France, 2021–2023
  M. Pellerin et al.
• Monkeypox Virus Seroprevalence among Adults Assessed at Roadside Wellness Centers along Major Transportation Corridor, Kenya, 2025
  J. Z. Hines et al.
• Detection of Jamestown Canyon Virus in Mosquito Populations, Northeastern Illinois, United States, 2024
  A. J. Mackay et al.
• Cryptic Invasion and Transmission Dynamics of Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus, Europe, 2024–2026
  C. Guinat et al.

Dispatches

• Typhoid Fever–Like Manifestation of Scrub Typhus in Patient with Myelodysplastic Syndrome, China, 2025
  Y. Li et al. View Abstract

  A 79-year-old man in China sought care for fever and syncope and was diagnosed with myelodysplastic syndrome. Bone marrow showed hemophagocytosis and macrophages resembling typhoid cells, but cultures excluded Salmonella infection. Targeted next-generation sequencing identified Orientia tsutsugamushi, and a concealed popliteal eschar was found. Scrub typhus can produce typhoid-like bone marrow morphology.

• Wild Mice and Shrews as Natural Reservoirs of Emerging Tickborne Yezo Virus, Hokkaido, Japan, 2023–2025
  M. Ito et al. View Abstract

  We screened 420 wild small mammals and 2,273 ticks for infections with an emerging tickborne orthonairovirus, Yezo virus, during 2023–2025 in Hokkaido, Japan. We detected virus in mice, shrews, and ticks that were closely related. Apodemus spp. mice and Sorex spp. shrews were identified as potent natural reservoirs of Yezo virus.

• Mayaro Virus Emergence and Genetic Dynamics, Peru
  L. J. Perez et al. View Abstract

  Mayaro virus (MAYV) is an emerging pathogen in Latin America. Using phylodynamic reconstructions and phylowave analyses, we describe novel lineage diversification and rapid dispersal of MAYV in Peru. A newly developed, dual-target quantitative reverse transcription PCR assay reliably detects MAYV variants, enabling improved surveillance, control, and understanding of this neglected arbovirus.

• Isolation of Orientia tsutsugamushi from Bat-Associated Chiggers, Japan
  Y. Qiu et al. View Abstract

  We isolated Orientia tsutsugamushi bacteria from bat-associated Whartonia prima chiggers collected from Hipposideros turpis bats on Yonaguni Island, Japan. Serial passage, microscopic examination, growth kinetics, and multilocus sequence analysis confirmed bacterial propagation and identity. Our findings highlight an overlooked bat–chigger interface with potential relevance to broader ecologic surveillance of scrub typhus.

• Natural Occurrence of Primate SLAM-Adapted Canine Distemper Virus, Brazil, 2018
  M. Tominaga et al. View Abstract

  We analyzed canine distemper virus (CDV) from a 2018 marmoset disease outbreak in Brazil. CDV hemagglutinin protein bound to the marmoset SLAM (signaling lymphocytic activation molecule) receptor through 2 amino acid substitutions within hemagglutinin, which also enhanced human SLAM receptor usage. Continued surveillance will be critical to monitor CDV cross-species transmission.

• Infectious African Swine Fever Virus in Spray-Dried Porcine Plasma Used as Feed Ingredient, South Korea, 2026
  S. Hong et al. View Abstract

  We detected African swine fever virus DNA in feed and spray-dried porcine plasma (SDPP) used as a feed ingredient in South Korea. Pigs inoculated with SDPP developed fatal infection. An isolate phylogenetically clustered with South Korea strains. Our findings highlight the need for strengthened risk management of animal-derived feed ingredients like SDPP.

• Emergence of Shamonda Orthobunyavirus, Central Europe, 2026
  K. Wernike et al. View Abstract

  Since mid-June 2026, an acute, nonfatal syndrome characterized by high herd illness rate, reduced milk yield, diarrhea, fever, and lethargy has affected dairy cattle in southern Germany and Switzerland. After major viral pathogens were excluded, pan-Simbuvirus reverse transcription PCR detected an orthobunyavirus, confirmed by metagenomic sequencing, enabling recovery of a complete Shamonda virus genome.

• Detection of Mycobacterium africanum Lineage 6 in White-Nosed Coatis, Costa Rica
  F. Aguilar-Vargas et al.
• Post–COVID-19 Emergence and Spread of Hypertransmissible Cryptosporidium hominis gp60 Subtype IfA12G1R5, Spain
  L. Goterris et al.
• Oropouche Fever Outbreak, Havana, Cuba, June–September 2024
  A. Martínez-Rodríguez et al. View Abstract

  Oropouche fever emerged nationwide in Cuba in 2024. We investigated the outbreak in Havana; of 549 suspected cases, 189 (34.4%) were confirmed. No cases were severe. Incidence was 8.9/100,000 population and was highest in adults 27–59 years of age (10.2/100,000 population). Three infants tested positive. Dengue cocirculation challenged surveillance.

• Controlled Cross-Sectional Study of Leptospira Exposure in Urban River Surfers, Germany, 2024
  F. Voit et al.
• Molecular Surveillance for Oropouche, Mayaro, West Nile, and Saint Louis Encephalitis Viruses, Brazil, 2019–2025
  A. Ferreira et al.
• Livestock-Associated Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia, Denmark, 2007–2023
  C. L. Raisen et al.
• Endemic Cryptococcus gattii infection in Nova Scotia, Canada, 2016–2024
  R. Wetmore et al.
• Indirect Healthcare-Associated Canine Sporotrichosis Caused by Sporothrix brasiliensis, Argentina, 2024
  K. A. Vizcaychipi et al.
• Rat Hepatitis E Virus and Seoul Hantavirus in Pet Rats, Germany
  C. Mehl et al.

Research Letters

• Human Disco-Vertebral Infection Caused by Camelimonas Species, 2025
  L. Chombart et al.
• Zoonotic Exposure to Porcine Deltacoronavirus, United States, 2019–2021
  P. A. Boley et al.
• Fatal Disseminated Powassan Virus Infection in Transplant Recipient, Pennsylvania, USA
  D. C. Sung et al.
• Immunocompromised Patient Infected with Neoehrlichia mikurensis, the Netherlands, 2024
  M. Tjan et al.
• Detection of Mycobacterium ulcerans DNA in African Fruit Bats, Cameroon
  S. Tchatchouang et al.
• Emerging Protoparvovirus in Pigs and Wildlife, Denmark
  M. Canuti et al.
• Natural Trichuris trichiura Infections in Endemic Hydromyini Rodents, Papua New Guinea, 2019–2023
  N. Moradpour et al.
• Heartland Virus in Lone Star Ticks Collected in South Carolina, USA, 2021–2024
  E. Pickle et al.
• Comparative Assessment of Cross-Protection Against Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N5) and A(H5N1) Clade 2.3.4.4b Viruses After Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Infection in Ferrets
  X. Sun et al.
• Osteomyelitis Caused by Metamycoplasma gateae, Japan, 2026
  T. Hashimoto et al.
• Human Armillifer armillatus Infection Mimicking Strangulated Umbilical Hernia, France, 2026
  J. Devaux et al.
• Serologic Evidence of Avian Influenza Virus Exposure in Livestock, Egypt, 2024–2026
  M. Gomaa et al.

Letter

• New World Ocular Dirofilariasis Caused by Dirofilaria repens Infection, United States
  F. Torres and D. Otranto

Another Dimension

• An Old Enemy Returns
  E. R. Campagnolo

Etymologia

• Borrelia duttonii
  W. Fleischmann and J. Bourner

Other

• County-Level Risk Estimation of Local Malaria Transmission, United States
  A. E. Munsey et al.

Supplement

• Characteristics of and Clinical Criteria for Oropouche Virus Disease, United States, May 2024–January 2025
  L. Platt et al.
• Data-Based Entomologic Thresholds for Spatially Targeted Adult Mosquito Control to Reduce Risk for West Nile Virus Disease, California, USA, 2006–2024
  P. C. Stiles et al.
• Effect of Commercial Pesticide Application on Backyard Populations of Blacklegged Ticks, Wisconsin, USA
  Z. J. Sieb et al.
• Transplant-Associated Ehrlichia ewingii Infection in a Pediatric Liver Recipient, United States, 2003
  M. Shieb et al.

Research Letter

• Mycobacterium conceptionense Bacteremia in Immunocompromised Host with Synovial Sarcoma, China, 2024
  C. Zhang et al.

Letter

• Vaccine Repurposing against Bundibugyo Virus
  K. Dallmeier and Y. A. Alpizar