Early Release

Supplement

• SARS-CoV-2 Genomic Surveillance from Community-Distributed Rapid Antigen Tests, Wisconsin, USA
  I. E. Emmen et al.
• Strategies and Opportunities to Improve Community Health through Advanced Molecular Detection and Genomic Surveillance of Infectious Diseases
  J. Moore et al.
• Real-Time Utilization of Mpox Genomic Surveillance, King County, Washington, USA, 2022–2024
  K. M. Lau et al.
• Integrating Genomic Data into Public Health Surveillance for Multidrug-Resistant Organisms, Washington, United States
  L. Torres et al.
• Using Genomic Epidemiology to Estimate Pathogen Burden in a Population
  W. Porter et al.
• Pathogen Genomics in Public Health Practice: a Decade of Partnerships and Progress
  D. MacCannell et al.
• Advantages of Software Containerization in Public Health Infectious Disease Genomic Surveillance
  K. R. Florek et al.
• Leveraging a Strategic Public–Private Partnership to Launch an Airport-Based Pathogen Monitoring Program to Detect Emerging Health Threats
  C. R. Friedman et al. View Abstract

  Airport-based pathogen monitoring is a critical tool that can contribute to early detection and characterization of existing and new pathogen threats. A novel public–private partnership between an airport spa group, a biotech company, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention was instrumental in establishing a multimodal pathogen genomic surveillance program at US international airports. That public–private partnership addressed critical challenges that neither party could overcome independently, resulting in the development and deployment of a scalable, flexible early warning system for pathogen detection and public health monitoring.

• Genomic Epidemiology and Phylodynamic Modelling of an Outbreak of Multidrug Resistant Shigella sonnei, San Francisco Bay Area, California, USA, 2023–2024
  T. Lloyd et al.
• Genomic Characterization of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Associated with Multiple Sources, United States
  J. S. Wirth et al.
• Successful Transition to Whole-Genome Sequencing and Bioinformatics to Identify Invasive Streptococcus Drug Resistance, Alaska, USA, 2019–2021
  K. Miernyk et al.
• Large-Scale Genomic Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.5 Emergence, United States
  K. Pham et al.
• Establishing Methods to Monitor Influenza (A)H5N1 Virus in Dairy Cattle Milk, Massachusetts, USA
  E. Stachler et al. View Abstract

  Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus has caused a multistate outbreak among US dairy cattle, spreading across 16 states and infecting hundreds of herds since its onset. We rapidly developed and optimized PCR-based detection assays and sequencing protocols to support H5N1 molecular surveillance. Using 214 retail milk samples from 20 states for methods development, we found that H5N1 virus concentrations by digital PCR strongly correlated with quantitative PCR cycle threshold values; digital PCR exhibited greater sensitivity. Metagenomic sequencing after hybrid selection was best for higher concentration samples, whereas amplicon sequencing performed best for lower concentrations. By establishing these methods, we were able to support the creation of a statewide surveillance program to perform monthly testing of bulk milk samples from all dairy cattle farms in Massachusetts, USA, which remain negative to date. The methods, workflow, and recommendations described provide a framework for others aiming to conduct H5N1 surveillance efforts.

Synopses

• Comprehensive Survival Analysis of Patients with Alveolar Echinococcosis, University Hospital Zurich, 1973–2022
  A. Deibel et al.
• Outbreak of Marburg Virus Disease, Equatorial Guinea, 2023
  S. Ngai et al.
• Features of Invasive Aspergillosis Caused by Aspergillus flavus, France, 2012–2018
  L. Bertin-Biasutto et al.

Research

• Nationwide Observational Case-Control Study of Risk Factors for Aerococcus Bloodstream Infections, Sweden
  J. Walles et al.
• Post-Exposure Antibiotic Therapy in Goats Infected with Burkholderia pseudomallei
  R. A. Bowen et al.
• Powassan Virus and Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus Seroprevalence in Endemic Areas, United States, 2019–2020
  H. Padda et al.
• Identification of Fusarium solani Strain as Cause of US Fungal Meningitis Outbreak Associated with Surgical Procedures in Mexico, 2023
  C. Y. Chiu et al.
• Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Reinfections Using Anti-Nucleocapsid Antibody Boosting
  E. Grebe et al.
• Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Outbreak in Endangered Cranes, Izumi Plain, Japan, 2022–23
  M. Esaki et al.

Dispatches

• Self-Reported SARS-CoV-2 Infections among National Blood Donor Cohort, United States, 2020–2022
  B. R. Spencer et al.
• Recent and Forecasted Increases in Coccidioidomycosis Incidence Linked to Hydroclimatic Swings, California, USA
  S. K. Camponuri et al. View Abstract

  In 2023, California reported near–record high coccidioidomycosis cases after a dramatic transition from drought to heavy precipitation. Using an ensemble model, we forecasted 12,244 cases statewide during April 1, 2024–March 31, 2025, a 62% increase over cases reported 2 years before and on par with case counts for 2023.

• Tropheryma whipplei Infections, Mexico, 2019–2021
  J. Delgado-de la Mora et al.
• High Prevalence of Influenza D Virus Infection in Swine, Northern Ireland
  P. Lagan and K. Lemon
• Orthomarburgvirus, Paramyxovirus, and Orthonairovirus Co-Infections in Egyptian Rousette Bats, Uganda and Sierra Leone
  B. R. Amman et al.
• Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis, Peruvian Amazon, 2020
  M. Piche-Ovares et al.
• Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Virus with Reduced Susceptibility to Baloxavir from Polymerase Acidic Protein I38N Substitution, Japan, 2024
  E. Takashita et al.
• Oral Transmission of L-type Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy in Cynomolgus Macaques to Evaluate Zoonotic Potential
  M. Imamura et al.
• Clade Ia Monkeypox Virus Linked to Sexual Transmission, Democratic Republic of the Congo, August 2024
  J. Makangara-Cigolo et al.
• Rapid Transmission and Divergence of Sequence Type 80 Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecium, China
  L. Li et al.

Research Letters

• Emergence of Feline Sporotrichosis near Brazil Border, Argentina, 2023–2024
  K. Vizcaychipi et al.
• Clinical and Epidemiologic Characteristics of Mpox Cases, Dominican Republic, July 2022–February 2023
  R. Paulino-Ramirez et al. View Abstract

  During July 2022–February 2023, mpox was confirmed in 71 of 283 suspected cases in the Dominican Republic; 32.4% of patients were women, and 22.5% children <10 years of age. We found differences in transmission compared with global trends, emphasizing the need for continued surveillance, diagnostics, and public health interventions.

• Increase in Pneumonia-associated Attendances to Emergency Departments in Northern Italy, June–October 2024
  S. Villa et al.
• Autochthonous Leishmania (Viannia) lainsoni in Dog (Canis familiaris), Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, 2023
  I. da Silva Santos et al.
• Case Report of Aerococcus urinae Tricuspid Valve Endocarditis
  T. Siam et al.
• Unexpected Schistosome Zoonotic and Hybrid Egg Excretion Patterns, Mangochi District, Malawi, 2024
  A. M. O’Ferrall et al.
• Napoleon Bonaparte, A Possible Case of Trench Fever
  E. Faure

Corrections

• Correction: Vol. 31, No. 3
• Correction: Vol. 31, No. 3
• Correction: Vol. 31, No. 2

Synopsis

• Clinical Manifestations, Risk Factors, and Disease Burden of Rickettsiosis, Cambodia, 2007–2020
  G. C. Kelly et al.

Research

• Long-Term Clinical Outcomes of Adults Hospitalized for COVID-19 Pneumonia
  I. O. Rosas et al.
• Prospective Multicenter Surveillance of Helicobacter pylori and Non–H. pylori Helicobacter Infections during Medical Checkups, Japan, 2022
  K. Tokunaga et al.