Volume 10, Number 5—May 2004
Research
Syndromic Surveillance in Public Health Practice, New York City
Richard Heffernan*, Farzad Mostashari*, Debjani Das*, Adam Karpati*, Martin Kulldorff†, and Don Weiss*
Table 1
Syndrome coding and hierarchy
| Syndrome | Includes | Excludes |
|---|---|---|
| Common cold | Nasal drip, congestion, stuffiness | Chest congestion, sore throat |
| Sepsis | Sepsis, cardiac arrest, unresponsive, unconscious, dead on arrival | |
| Respiratory | Cough, shortness of breath, difficulty breathing, croup, dyspnea, bronchitis, pneumonia, hypoxia, upper respiratory illness, chest congestion | Cold |
| Diarrhea | Diarrhea, enteritis, gastroenteritis, stomach virus | |
| Fever | Fever, chills, flu, viral syndrome, body ache and pain, malaise | Hay fever |
| Rash | Vesicles, chicken pox, folliculitis, herpes, shingles | Thrush, diaper and genital rash |
| Asthma | Asthma, wheezing, reactive airway, chronic obstructive airway disease | |
| Vomiting | Vomiting, food poisoning |
