Volume 13, Number 4—April 2007
Research
Global Distribution of Panton-Valentine Leukocidin–positive Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, 2006
Anne Tristan*†
, Michele Bes*, Helene Meugnier*, Gerard Lina*, Bülent Bozdogan†, Patrice Courvalin†, Marie-Elisabeth Reverdy*, Mark C. Enright‡, François Vandenesch*, and Jerome Etienne*
, Michele Bes*, Helene Meugnier*, Gerard Lina*, Bülent Bozdogan†, Patrice Courvalin†, Marie-Elisabeth Reverdy*, Mark C. Enright‡, François Vandenesch*, and Jerome Etienne*Table 1
Geographic distribution of PVL-positive CA-MRSA clones according to their agr-type, ST, and spa type*
| agr type | ST (CC) | No. (%) | spa type (spa CC) | No. (%) | Location |
Other reports in literature | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Detected before 2003 | Newly detected (this work) | ||||||
| agr1 | 46 (9.8) | ||||||
| ST8 (8) | 25 (54.3) | USA (4) | Netherlands, France, Spain, | N. Norway (23) | |||
| Switzerland, French Polynesia | Greece (24) | ||||||
| t008 (s) | 25 (100.0) | ||||||
| ST59 | 7 (15.2) | USA (4) | Netherlands, France, Singapore | Taïwan (25) | |||
| t437 (8) | 6 (85.7) | ||||||
| t216 (8) | 1 (14.3) | ||||||
| ST22 (22) | 3 (6.5) | Netherlands, Germany | |||||
| t005 (4) | 2 (66.7) | ||||||
| t310 (4) | 1 (33.3) | ||||||
| ST766 (22) | 1 (2.2) | Singapore | |||||
| t1276 (4) | 1 (100.0) | ||||||
| ST377 | 10 (21.7) | Netherlands, France, Greece, Switzerland, Australia | |||||
| t355 (6) | 9 (90.0) | ||||||
| t595 (6) |
1 (10.0) |
||||||
| agr2 | 9 (1.9) | ||||||
| ST5 (5) | 9 (100.0) | France, Switzerland, Algeria | |||||
| t311 (5) | 5 (55.5) | ||||||
| t1277 | 3 (33.3) | ||||||
| t450 |
1 (11.1) |
||||||
| agr3 | 414 (88.3) | ||||||
| ST80 | 357 (83.2) | France, Switzerland (4) | Algeria, Singapore, Romania, Germany, Belgium, Greece, Slovenia, Netherlands | Denmark (7), Sweden (7), notheren Norway (23), England (26), Finland (27), Libya (28), Croatia (29), Scotland (7), Greece (24) | |||
| t044 (1) | 333 (93.3) | ||||||
| t131 (1) | 9 (2.5) | ||||||
| t376 (1) | 8 (2.2) | ||||||
| t639 (1) | 2 (0.6) | ||||||
| t237 (1) | 1 (0.3) | ||||||
| t1199 (1) | 1 (0.3) | ||||||
| t1201 (1) | 1 (0.3) | ||||||
| t1206 (1) | 1 (0.3) | ||||||
| t1200 (†) | 1 (0.3) | ||||||
| ST30 (30) | 20 (4.8) | New Zealand, Western Samoa (4) | Netherlands, Australia, Japan, Switzerland, Singapore, China, French Polynesia | Sweden (30), Brazil (31), Uruguay (32), England (26), Hong Kong (10) | |||
| t019 (2) | 17 (75.0) | ||||||
| t021 (2) | 1 (5.0) | ||||||
| t318 (2) | 1 (5.0) | ||||||
| t1273 (2) | 1 (5.0) | ||||||
| ST37 (30) | 1 (0.2) | Netherlands | |||||
| t914 (2) | 1 (100.0) | ||||||
| ST93 | 4 (1.0) | Australia (4) | |||||
| t202 (s) | 4 (100.0) | ||||||
| ST1 | 32 (7.7) | USA (4) | France, Singapore | Switzerland (28), Canada (33) | |||
| t128 (3) | 18 (56.2) | ||||||
| t125 (3) | 3 (9.4) | ||||||
| t558 (3) | 1 (3.1) | ||||||
| t175 (7) | 8 (25.0) | ||||||
| t1274 (7) | 1 (3.1) | ||||||
| t1272 (s) | 1 (3.1) | ||||||
*PVL, Panton-Valentine leukodin; CA-MRSA, community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; agr, accessory gene regulator; ST, sequence type; CC, clonal complexes; spa CC, spa clonal complexes.
†Excluded because <3 repeats; s, singleton.
