Volume 13, Number 6—June 2007
Research
Risk Factors for Imported Fatal Plasmodium falciparum Malaria, France, 1996–2003
Fabrice Legros*†‡§, Olivier Bouchaud¶, Thierry Ancelle#**, Amandine Arnaud*†, Sandrine Cojean#††, Jacques Le Bras¶#††, Martin Danis*†§‡‡, Arnaud Fontanet§§, Rémy Durand††¶
, Autochthonous Malaria Epidemiology, and for the French National Reference Centers for ImportedChemosensitivity Working Group
, Autochthonous Malaria Epidemiology, and for the French National Reference Centers for ImportedChemosensitivity Working GroupTable 4
Factors independently associated with deaths among patients treated for falciparum malaria in French hospitals, 1996–2003 (n = 21,888)*
| Variable | Odds ratio | 95% Confidence interval | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | |||
| Per increase of 10 y | 1.78 | (1.56–2.02) | <0.001 |
| Origin and residence | |||
| African travelers | 1 | ||
| African residents | 3.15 | (1.32–7.51) | |
| European travelers | 6.79 | (3.49–13.2) | <0.001 |
| European expatriates | 4.44 | (1.91–10.3) | |
| Others | 3.02 | (1.21–7.57) | |
| Region of malaria acquisition | |||
| West Africa | 1 | ||
| Central Africa | 0.86 | (0.52–1.41) | |
| East Africa | 3.39 | (1.49–7.72) | 0.02 |
| Madagascar and Comoros Islands | 0.61 | (0.24–1.53) | |
| Others | 0.47 | (0.11–1.95) | |
| Chemoprophylaxis | |||
| Effective drugs† | 1 | ||
| No chemoprophylaxis | 2.07 | (1.19–3.61) | 0.04 |
| Ineffective drugs† | 1.90 | (0.91–3.95) |
*Multiple imputations were used for missing data for the variables “region of malaria acquisition” (n = 9) and “chemoprophylaxis” (n = 2,366) (see Methods).
†Effective drugs were mefloquine, atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, and chloroquine-proguanil; ineffective drugs were chloroquine, proguanil, pyrimethamine, and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine.
