Volume 14, Number 10—October 2008
Research
Deaths from Norovirus among the Elderly, England and Wales
John P. Harris
, W. John Edmunds, Richard Pebody, David W. Brown, and Ben A. Lopman
, W. John Edmunds, Richard Pebody, David W. Brown, and Ben A. LopmanTable 2
Regression model results for deaths from infectious and noninfectious gastrointestinal disease in persons >65 years of age, England and Wales, 2001–2006
| Pathogen | Initial full model |
Final model |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coefficient* | p value† | Coefficient* | p value† | ||
| Infectious intestinal disease models | |||||
| Norovirus | 0.0134 | 0.003 | 0.0174 | <0.001 | |
| Astrovirus | –0.059 | 0.415 | – | ||
| Shigella spp. | 0.103 | 0.528 | – | ||
| Rotavirus | –0.055 | 0.003 | – | ||
| Campylobacter spp. | –0.017 | 0.001 | – | ||
| Escherichia coli | 0.067 | 0.612 | – | ||
| Cryptosporidium spp. | –0.151 | 0.122 | – | ||
| Giardia spp. | –0.165 | 0.209 | – | ||
| Other parasites | –0.012 | 0.890 | – | ||
| Salmonella spp. | –0.011 | 0.478 | – | ||
| Adenovirus | –0.341 | 0.266 | – | ||
| Time trend | 1.437 | <0.001 | 1.611 | <0.001 | |
| Constant |
23.11 |
<0.001 |
6.239 |
<0.001 |
|
| Noninfectious intestinal disease models | |||||
| Norovirus | 0.0134 | 0.011 | 0.0173 | <0.001 | |
| Astrovirus | 0.115 | 0.198 | – | ||
| Shigella spp. | 0.240 | 0.221 | – | ||
| Rotavirus | –0.066 | 0.004 | – | ||
| Campylobacter spp. | 0.001 | 0.903 | – | ||
| E. coli | –0.088 | 0.566 | – | ||
| Cryptosporidium spp. | –0.125 | 0.315 | – | ||
| Giardia spp. | –0.030 | 0.860 | – | ||
| Other parasites | –0.081 | 0.439 | – | ||
| Salmonella spp. | –0.039 | 0.050 | – | ||
| Adenovirus | 0.0147 | 0.967 | – | ||
| Time trend | 2.008 | <0.001 | 2.488 | <0.001 | |
| Constant | 20.240 | <0.001 | 11.135 | <0.001 | |
*The coefficient represents the number of deaths associated with each laboratory report for each pathogen. The constant (intercept term) indicates monthly deaths associated with other causes.
†Wald test.
