Volume 14, Number 7—July 2008
Research
Attributable Outcomes of Endemic Clostridium difficile–associated Disease in Nonsurgical Patients
Erik R. Dubberke*
, Anne M. Butler*, Kimberly A. Reske*, Denis Agniel*, Margaret A. Olsen*, Gina D’Angelo*, L. Clifford McDonald†, and Victoria J. Fraser*
, Anne M. Butler*, Kimberly A. Reske*, Denis Agniel*, Margaret A. Olsen*, Gina D’Angelo*, L. Clifford McDonald†, and Victoria J. Fraser*Table 1
Baseline characteristics of study cohort, Clostridium difficile–associated disease (N = 18,050)*
| Characteristic | CDAD case-patients (n = 390), no. (%) | Non–case-patients (n = 17,663), no. (%) | p value† |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | |||
| <45 | 58 (15) | 6,847 (39) | <0.001 |
| 45–65 | 132 (34) | 5,187 (29) | 0.06 |
| >65 |
200 (51) |
5,626 (32) |
<0.001 |
| Male sex | 194 (50) | 6,704 (38) | <0.001 |
| White race |
257 (66) |
9,860 (56) |
<0.001 |
| Modified APS | |||
| <2 | 77 (20) | 6,687 (38) | <0.001 |
| 3–4 | 76 (20) | 4,573 (26) | 0.004 |
| 5–6 | 82 (21) | 2,970 (17) | 0.028 |
| >7 |
155 (40) |
3,430 (19) |
<0.001 |
| Liver disease | |||
| Mild | 5 (1) | 204 (1) | 0.77 |
| Moderate to severe |
6 (2) |
209 (1) |
0.47 |
| Diabetes without chronic complications | 70 (18) | 2,718 (15) | 0.17 |
| Diabetes with chronic complications |
15 (4) |
416 (2) |
0.06 |
| Myocardial infarction | 26 (7) | 1466 (8) | 0.25 |
| Congestive heart failure | 97 (25) | 2,562 (15) | <0.001 |
| Cerebral vascular disease |
16 (4) |
882 (5) |
0.42 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 90 (23) | 2,564 (15) | <0.001 |
| Rheumatologic/collagen vascular disease | 11 (3) | 361 (2) | 0.29 |
| Peptic ulcer disease | 5 (1) | 279 (2) | 0.64 |
| Cancer, excluding leukemia or lymphoma | 45 (12) | 1,283 (7) | 0.001 |
| Leukemia or lymphoma | 69 (18) | 567 (3) | <0.001 |
| Metastatic solid tumor | 33 (9) | 936 (5) | 0.01 |
| HIV/AIDS | 5 (1) | 209 (1) | 0.81 |
| Paraplegia or hemiplegia | 8 (2) | 223 (1) | 0.17 |
*CDAD, Clostridium difficile–associated disease; APS, Acute Physiology Score.
† Fisher exact test, χ2 test.
