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Volume 15, Number 3—March 2009

Research

Characterization of Avian Influenza Viruses A (H5N1) from Wild Birds, Hong Kong, 2004–2008

Gavin J.D. Smith1, Dhanasekaran Vijaykrishna1, Trevor M. Ellis, Kitman C. Dyrting, Y.H. Connie Leung, Justin Bahl, Chun W. Wong, Huang Kai, Mary K.W. Chow, Lian Duan, Allen S.L. Chan, Li Juan Zhang, Honglin Chen, Geraldine S.M. Luk, J.S. Malik Peiris, and Yi GuanComments to Author 
Author affiliations: State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases/The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China (G.J.D. Smith, D. Vijaykrishna, Y.H.C. Leung, J. Bahl, H. Kai, L. Duan, L.J. Zhang, H. Chen, J.S.M. Peiris, Y. Guan); Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, Hong Kong (T.M. Ellis, K.C. Dyrting, C.W. Wong, M.K.W. Chow, A.S.L. Chan, G.S.M. Luk); HKU-Pasteur Research Centre, Pokfulam, Hong Kong (J.S. Malik Peiris)

Main Article

Table

Antigenic analysis of influenza viruses A (H5N1) by hemagglutinin inhibition test, Hong Kong, China, 2008*

Virus Clade† Ferret antisera titers to:
VNM1203‡ (clade 1) IDN5 (clade 2.1) CDC357 (clade 2.1) MNG244 (clade 2.2) HN101 (clade 2.3.1) VNM1455 (clade 2.3.2) Anhui1 (clade 2.3.4)
VNM1203 1 640 40 <40 <40 80 40 80
Dk/Hunan/795/2002 2.1 80 640 320 160 160 160 <40
IDN5 2.1 40 1,280 640 80 40 160 160
CDC357 2.1 80 2,560 1,280 160 80 320 320
BHG/Qinghai/1A/2005 2.2 40 320 160 320 160 80 40
HN101 2.3.1 40 640 160 640 640 320 80
CPH/HK/18/2005 2.3.2 <40 40 <40 40 80 <40 <40
VNM1455 2.3.2 40 160 160 160 160 320 <40
Pfalcon/HK/5211/2006 2.3.2 <40 320 160 40 80 160 <40
Common magpie/HK/5052/2007 2.3.2 <40 320 160 160 80 320 <40
Common buzzard/HK/9213/2007 2.3.2 <40 160 80 80 80 160 <40
Little egret/HK/8863/2007 2.3.2 <40 160 80 160 80 320 <40
BCN heron/HK/659/2008 2.3.2 <40 160 80 80 80 320 <40
Magpie robin/HK/109720/08 2.3.2 <40 320 160 320 160 640 <40
Ck/Guiyang/3570/2005 2.3.3 160 160 40 160 640 160 640
Dk/Fujian/1734/2005 2.3.4 80 160 80 <40 80 40 640
JWE/HK/1038/2006 2.3.4 80 320 160 40 640 320 1,280
SB munia/HK/2572/2007 2.3.4 80 80 40 <40 80 <40 640
Pfalcon/HK/2142/2008 2.3.4 80 <40 <40 <40 <40 <40 40
Pfalcon/HK/D0028/2004 9 320 80 40 <40 80 <40 160

*VNM1203, Vietnam/1203/2004; IDN5, Indonesia/5/2005; CDC357, Indonesia/CDC357/2006; MNG244, whooper swan/Mongolia/244/2005; HN101, duck/Hunan/101/2004; VNM1455, muscovy duck/Vietnam/1455/2006; Anhui1, Anhui/1/2005; Dk, duck; BHG, bar-headed goose; CPH, Chinese pond heron; HK, Hong Kong; Pfalcon, peregrine falcon; BCN heron, black-crowned night heron; Ck, chicken; JWE, Japanese white-eye; SB munia, scaly-breasted munia. Boldface numbers indicate titers to prototype viruses.
†Clade designations according to the World Health Organization influenza (H5N1) nomenclature system (21).
‡Ferret antisera dilution started at 1:40.

Main Article

1These authors contributed equally to this article.

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