Emerging Infectious Disease ISSN: 1080-6059

Multiple Origins of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Serotype Asia 1 Outbreaks, 2003–2007

Jean-Francois Valarcher¹, Nick J. Knowles

, Valery Zakharov, Alexey Scherbakov, Zhidong Zhang, You-Jun Shang, Zai-Xin Liu, Xiang-Tao Liu, Aniket Sanyal, Divakar Hemadri, Chakradhar Tosh², Thaha J. Rasool³, Bramhadev Pattnaik, Kate R. Schumann, Tammy R. Beckham⁴, Wilai Linchongsubongkoch, Nigel P. Ferris, Peter L. Roeder⁵, and David J. Paton

Author affiliations: Institute for Animal Health, Pirbright, UK (J.-F. Valarcher, N.J. Knowles, Z. Zhang, N.P. Ferris, D.J. Paton); FGI All-Russian Research Institute for Animal Health, Vladimir, Russian Federation (V. Zakharov, A. Scherbakov); Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China (Y.-J. Shang, Z.-X. Liu, X.-T. Liu); Project Directorate on Foot-and-Mouth Disease, Mukteswar-Kumaon, India (A. Sanyal, D. Hemadri, C. Tosh, T.J. Rasool, B. Pattnaik); Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Orient Point, New York, USA (K.R. Schumann, T.R. Beckham); Regional Reference Laboratory for Foot and Mouth Disease in South East Asia, Pakchong, Thailand (W. Linchongsubongkoch); Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy (P.L. Roeder)

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Figure 2

Midpoint-rooted neighbor-joining tree showing the relationships between the complete VP1 sequences of Asia 1 foot-and-mouth disease virus isolates studied. Only the tree structure is shown; details of the labeled groups are given in Figure 3. Scale bar indicates nucleotide substitutions per site. The complete tree with all viruses labeled is shown in the Technical Appendix. SEA, group of viruses found in only in Southeast Asia and Hong Kong.

Figure 2. Midpoint-rooted neighbor-joining tree showing the relationships between the complete VP1 sequences of Asia 1 foot-and-mouth disease virus isolates studied. Only the tree structure is shown; details of the labeled groups are given in Figure 3. Scale bar indicates nucleotide substitutions per site. The complete tree with all viruses labeled is shown in the Technical Appendix. SEA, group of viruses found in only in Southeast Asia and Hong Kong.

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¹Current affiliation: Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.

²Current affiliation: Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bhopal, India.

³Current affiliation: Animal Production and Breeding, Krishi Bhavan, New Delhi, India.

⁴Current affiliation: Texas Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, College Station, Texas, USA.

⁵Current affiliation: Taurus Animal Health, Hampshire, UK.

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