Emerging Infectious Disease ISSN: 1080-6059

Multiple Origins of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Serotype Asia 1 Outbreaks, 2003–2007

Jean-Francois Valarcher¹, Nick J. Knowles

, Valery Zakharov, Alexey Scherbakov, Zhidong Zhang, You-Jun Shang, Zai-Xin Liu, Xiang-Tao Liu, Aniket Sanyal, Divakar Hemadri, Chakradhar Tosh², Thaha J. Rasool³, Bramhadev Pattnaik, Kate R. Schumann, Tammy R. Beckham⁴, Wilai Linchongsubongkoch, Nigel P. Ferris, Peter L. Roeder⁵, and David J. Paton

Author affiliations: Institute for Animal Health, Pirbright, UK (J.-F. Valarcher, N.J. Knowles, Z. Zhang, N.P. Ferris, D.J. Paton); FGI All-Russian Research Institute for Animal Health, Vladimir, Russian Federation (V. Zakharov, A. Scherbakov); Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China (Y.-J. Shang, Z.-X. Liu, X.-T. Liu); Project Directorate on Foot-and-Mouth Disease, Mukteswar-Kumaon, India (A. Sanyal, D. Hemadri, C. Tosh, T.J. Rasool, B. Pattnaik); Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Orient Point, New York, USA (K.R. Schumann, T.R. Beckham); Regional Reference Laboratory for Foot and Mouth Disease in South East Asia, Pakchong, Thailand (W. Linchongsubongkoch); Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy (P.L. Roeder)

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Figure 3

Midpoint-rooted neighbor-joining tree showing relationships between the foot-and-mouth disease Asia 1 viruses studied. A) groups I, IV, and V; B) groups II and VI; C) group III. Other groups of older (pre-2003) viruses sharing >90% nucleotide identity are indicated by the word “group” without any number. Only bootstrap values >70% are shown. Scale bars indicate nucleotide substitutions per site. SEA, group of viruses found in only in Southeast Asia and Hong Kong. *Indicates that the refere

Figure 3. Midpoint-rooted neighbor-joining tree showing relationships between the foot-and-mouth disease Asia 1 viruses studied. A) groups I, IV, and V; B) groups II and VI; C) group III. Other groups of older (pre-2003) viruses sharing >90% nucleotide identity are indicated by the word “group” without any number. Only bootstrap values >70% are shown. Scale bars indicate nucleotide substitutions per site. SEA, group of viruses found in only in Southeast Asia and Hong Kong. *Indicates that the reference number is not one designated by the World Reference Laboratory for Foot-and-Mouth Disease.

Main Article

¹Current affiliation: Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.

²Current affiliation: Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bhopal, India.

³Current affiliation: Animal Production and Breeding, Krishi Bhavan, New Delhi, India.

⁴Current affiliation: Texas Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, College Station, Texas, USA.

⁵Current affiliation: Taurus Animal Health, Hampshire, UK.

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