Volume 17, Number 11—November 2011
THEME ISSUE
CHOLERA IN HAITI
Dispatch
Epidemic Cholera in a Crowded Urban Environment, Port-au-Prince, Haiti
Stacie E. Dunkle
, Adamma Mba-Jonas, Anagha Loharikar, Bernadette Fouché, Mireille Peck, Tracy Ayers, W. Roodly Archer, Valery M. Beau De Rochars, Thomas Bender, Daphne B. Moffett, Jordan W. Tappero, George Dahourou, Thierry Roels, and Robert Quick
, Adamma Mba-Jonas, Anagha Loharikar, Bernadette Fouché, Mireille Peck, Tracy Ayers, W. Roodly Archer, Valery M. Beau De Rochars, Thomas Bender, Daphne B. Moffett, Jordan W. Tappero, George Dahourou, Thierry Roels, and Robert QuickTable 1
Characteristics of cholera case-patients and controls, Port-au-Prince, Haiti, December 2010*
| Variable | No. (%) case-patients, n = 53 | No. (%) controls, n = 106 | mOR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Socioeconomic | |||
| Completed primary school† | 5 (29)‡ | 13 (36)‡ | 0.2 (0.0–1.7) |
| Literate† | 37 (84)‡ | 72 (84)‡ | 1.0 (0.3–3.9) |
| French speaking† | 16 (36)‡ | 49 (57)‡ | 0.3 (0.1–0.8) |
| Has electricity | 29 (55) | 71 (67)‡ | 0.5 (0.2–1.2) |
| Owns a radio | 37 (70) | 77 (73) | 0.8 (0.3–2.2) |
| Owns a television | 26 (50)‡ | 58 (55)‡ | 0.8 (0.4–1.8) |
| Owns a car/motorcycle | 3 (6)‡ | 12 (12)‡ | 0.4 (0.1–1.9) |
| IDP camp (self-reported) | 15 (28) | 24 (23) | 2.1 (0.5–8.7) |
| IDP camp (observed) | 10 (24)‡ | 19 (24)‡ | 0.7 (0.1–7.3) |
| Tarp roof | 11 (21) | 19 (18) | 1.6 (0.3–8.8) |
|
Unemployed§
|
5 (13)‡
|
14 (18)‡
|
0.7 (0.2–2.4)
|
| Water sources | |||
| Purchased bags (sachets) | 9 (17) | 9 (9) | 2.6 (0.7–10.2) |
| Purchased bottles/filter | 12 (23) | 25 (24) | 0.9 (0.4–2.3) |
| Piped (house, yard, public tap) | 25 (47) | 58 (55) | 0.6 (0.2–1.6) |
| Tanker | 7 (13) | 11 (10) | 1.4 (0.4–5.0) |
|
Bladder
|
0
|
8 (8)
|
NA (0.0–0.9)
|
| Water treatment and handwashing | |||
| Boiling water or using a chlorine product <3 d before illness | 37 (70) | 86 (81) | 0.5 (0.2–1.2) |
|
Boiling water or using a chlorine product before November 1, 2010
|
37 (70)
|
90 (85)‡
|
0.3 (0.1–0.9)
|
|
Proper handwashing
|
8 (15)
|
31 (29)
|
0.2 (0.0–0.7)
|
|
Sanitation: access to toilet/latrine
| |||
|
45 (85)‡
|
97 (92)‡
|
0.5 (0.1–1.7)
| |
| Foods | |||
| Food or drink from a street vendor | 23 (47)‡ | 52 (55)‡ | 0.7 (0.3–1.7) |
| Cold leftover food | 23 (44)‡ | 59 (56) | 0.6 (0.2–1.3) |
| Cold rice | 30 (58)‡ | 59 (56)‡ | 1.1 (0.5–2.5) |
| Raw food | 3 (6)‡ | 5 (5)‡ | 1.2 (0.2–6.2) |
| Seafood | 12 (23) | 37 (35) | 0.5 (0.2–1.2) |
| Food diversity (>23 items) | 15 (28) | 59 (56) |
0.3 (0.1–0.6)
*mOR, matched odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; IDP, internally displaced person. |
*mOR, matched odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; IDP, internally displaced person.
†Respondents >15 y of age.
‡Denominator does not include all respondents.
§Respondents >17 y of age.
