Volume 18, Number 11—November 2012
Research
Unchanged Severity of Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Infection in Children during First Postpandemic Season
Mathias Altmann
, Lena Fiebig, Silke Buda, Rüdiger von Kries, Manuel Dehnert, and Walter Haas
, Lena Fiebig, Silke Buda, Rüdiger von Kries, Manuel Dehnert, and Walter Haas
Table 1
Comparison of severe cases of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus infection in children during the pandemic and the first postpandemic seasons, Germany, 2009–2011*
| Variable | No. patients/no. total (%) |
Influenza season
|
p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2009–10 | 2010–11 | |||
| Male sex | 81/154 (53) | 65/111 (59) | 16/43 (37) | 0.020 |
| Median age, y (IQR) | 4.2 (1.2–9.2) | 5.3 (1.7–10.1) | 3.2 (0.5–6.5) | 0.007 |
|
Hospital-acquired infection
|
19/136 (14)
|
11/101 (11)
|
8/35 (23)
|
0.093
|
|
Clinical diagnosis |
||||
|
Pneumonia |
108/156 (69) | 79/112 (71) | 29/44 (66) | 0.569 |
|
Secondary pneumonia |
30/156 (19) | 22/112 (20) | 8/44 (18) | 1.000 |
|
Encephalopathy |
11/156 (7) | 7/112 (6) | 4/44 (9) | 0.506 |
|
ARDS |
43/156 (28) | 29/112 (26) | 14/44 (32) | 0.551 |
|
Sepsis |
18/156 (12) | 9/112 (8) | 9/44 (21) | 0.048 |
|
Myocarditis |
8/156 (5) | 4/112 (4) | 4/44 (9) | 0.223 |
|
Febrile seizure |
7/156 (5) | 3/112 (3) | 4/44 (9) | 0.099 |
| Underlying chronic medical conditions | ||||
|
Any |
114/146 (78) | 82/107 (77) | 32/39 (82) | 0.652 |
|
Neurodevelopmental disorders |
84/151 (56) | 61/110 (56) | 23/41 (56) | 1.000 |
|
Respiratory disease |
44/141 (31) | 35/104 (34) | 9/37 (24) | 0.409 |
|
Immunodeficiency |
17/137 (12) | 15/97 (16) | 2/40 (5) | 0.152 |
|
Cardiac disease |
20/143 (14) | 12/102 (12) | 8/41 (20) | 0.286 |
| Treatment | ||||
|
Oseltamivir |
90/145 (62) | 65/105 (62) | 25/40 (63) | 1.000 |
|
Catecholamine |
52/138 (38) | 35/101 (35) | 17/37 (46) | 0.240 |
|
Mechanical ventilation |
98/145 (68) | 68/107 (64) | 30/38 (79) | 0.107 |
|
Vaccination† |
5/88 (6) | 5/67 (8) | 0/21 (0) | 0.332 |
| Outcome | ||||
|
All death |
31/156 (20) | 22/112 (20) | 9/44 (21) | 1.000 |
|
Death in PICU |
25/150 (17) | 16/106 (15) | 9/44 (21) | 0.473 |
*Values are no. positive/no. with available information (%), except as indicated. Pandemic season, 2009–10; postpandemic season, 2010–11; IQR, interquartile range; ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; PICU, pediatric intensive care unit.
†Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 vaccination of patients >6 mo of age.
Page created: October 16, 2012
Page updated: October 16, 2012
Page reviewed: October 16, 2012
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