Volume 19, Number 3—March 2013
Synopsis
Human Leptospirosis Trends, the Netherlands, 1925–2008
Marga G.A. Goris
, Kimberly R. Boer, Tamara A.T.E. Duarte, Suzanne J. Kliffen, and Rudy A. Hartskeerl
, Kimberly R. Boer, Tamara A.T.E. Duarte, Suzanne J. Kliffen, and Rudy A. HartskeerlTable 4
Characteristics for case-patients with leptospirosis, the Netherlands and other regions, 1925–2008*
| Characteristic |
Period |
||||||||
| 1925–1934 |
1935–1944 |
1945–1954 |
1955–1964 |
1965–1974 |
1975–1984 |
1985–1994 |
1995–2004 |
2005–2008 |
|
| No. case-patients | 289 | 352 | 271 | 434 | 259 | 159 | 379 | 281 | 129 |
| Hospitalized, % |
37.4 |
68.8 |
78.6 |
92.1 |
83.8 |
84.3 |
62.5 |
72.6 |
74.4 |
| Antimicrobial drug treatment, % | NA | NA | 53.3 | 63.8 | 61.8 | 57.9 | 72.3 | 82.9 | 83.7 |
| Dialysis, % | NA | NA | 0 | 2.0 | 5.0 | 17.6 | 8.2 | 10.0 | 12.4 |
| ICU, % |
NA |
NA |
0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
7.5 |
6.6 |
16.4 |
17.8 |
| CFR, % |
11.1 |
9.9 |
9.6 |
6.0 |
8.1 |
3.8 |
4.0 |
0.4 |
3.1 |
| Imported infections | 0 | 2 (0.6) | 3 (1.1) | 20 (4.6) | 22 (8.5) | 17 (0.7) | 92 (24.3) | 94 (33.5) | 68 (53.1) |
| Europe | 0 | 2 | 2 | 19 | 20 | 9 | 40 | 27 | 13 |
| Asia | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 38 | 48 | 42 |
| Sub-Saharan Africa | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 1 |
| South America | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 6 | 7 | 7 |
| Central and North America | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 6 | 5 |
| Middle East | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Australia |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
| Likely route of infection | |||||||||
| Water | |||||||||
| Autochthonous | 222 (92.8) | 251 (82.3) | 194 (78.7) | 333 (87.4) | 189 (88.3) | 111 (79.9) | 157 (60.4) | 162 (88.5) | 46 (79.3) |
| Imported | NA | 2 (100) | 2 (66.7) | 18 (94.7) | 19 (95.0) | 15 (93.8) | 84 (98.8) | 89 (100.0) | 60 (98.4) |
| Animal | |||||||||
| Autochthonous | 15 (6.3) | 52 (17.0) | 48 (19.5) | 44 (11.5) | 25 (11.7) | 27 (19.4) | 103 (39.6) | 21 (11.5) | 11 (19.0) |
| Imported | NA | 0 | 0 | 1 (5.3) | 1 (5.0) | 1 (6.2) | 1 (1.2) | 0 | 0 |
| Other | |||||||||
| Autochthonous | 2 (0.8) | 2 (0.7) | 4 (1.6) | 4 (1.0) | 0 | 1 (0.7) | 0 | 0 | 1 (1.7) |
| Imported |
NA |
NA |
1 (33.3) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 (1.6) |
| *Values are no. (%) except as indicated. ICU, intensive care unit; CFR, case-fatality rate; NA, not available. | |||||||||
