Emerging Infectious Disease ISSN: 1080-6059

Distemper Outbreak and Its Effect on African Wild Dog Conservation

Marco W.G. van de Bildt*†, Thijs Kuiken*†, Aart M. Visee‡, Sangito Lema§, Tony R. Fitzjohn§, and Albert D.M.E. Osterhaus*†

Author affiliations: *Seal Rehabilitation and Research Centre, Pieterburen, the Netherlands; †Institute of Virology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; ‡The African Wild Dog Foundation, Schiedam, the Netherlands; §Wildlife Preservation Trust Fund, Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania;

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Figure 2

Phylogenetic trees based on a 388-bp Morbillivirus P-gene fragment. Maximum likelihood trees were generated by using the SEQBOOT and DNAML program of PHYLIP (Phylogeny Inference Package [6]) with 1,000 bootstrap replications. When possible, GenBank numbers of the sequences are given in parentheses. A. Virus from African wild dogs and representative Morbillivirus members. MV = Measles (Edmonston) virus: strain (M89920); RPV = Rinderpest virus: RBOK strain (X68311); DMV = dolphin morbillivirus (Z47758); PMV = porpoise morbillivirus (5); PDV = Phocine distemper virus-1 (X75960); CDV-O = Canine distemper virus (CDV): Onderstepoort strain (AF305419); and LP/Tan/01 = CDV African wild dog, Tanzania (this study). B. Virus from African wild dogs and several CDV strains. CDV-O = CDV: Onderstepoort strain (AF305419); Dog/Ger/90 = CDV from dog, Germany (AF259549); Rac/USA/92 = CDV from raccoon, USA (3); Dog/Jap/99 = CDV from dog, Hamamatsu strain, Japan (AB028915); Dog/Tan/94: CDV from dog, Tanzania (U53715); Fox/Tan/94 = CDV from bat-eared fox, Tanzania (U53714); Lion/Tan/94 = CDV from lion, Tanzania (U53712); and LP/Tan/01 = CDV from African wild dog, Tanzania (this study).

Figure 2. Phylogenetic trees based on a 388-bp Morbillivirus P-gene fragment. Maximum likelihood trees were generated by using the SEQBOOT and DNAML program of PHYLIP (Phylogeny Inference Package [6]) with 1,000 bootstrap replications. When possible, GenBank numbers of the sequences are given in parentheses. A. Virus from African wild dogs and representative Morbillivirus members. MV = Measles (Edmonston) virus: strain (M89920); RPV = Rinderpest virus: RBOK strain (X68311); DMV = dolphin morbillivirus (Z47758); PMV = porpoise morbillivirus (5); PDV = Phocine distemper virus-1 (X75960); CDV-O = Canine distemper virus (CDV): Onderstepoort strain (AF305419); and LP/Tan/01 = CDV African wild dog, Tanzania (this study). B. Virus from African wild dogs and several CDV strains. CDV-O = CDV: Onderstepoort strain (AF305419); Dog/Ger/90 = CDV from dog, Germany (AF259549); Rac/USA/92 = CDV from raccoon, USA (3); Dog/Jap/99 = CDV from dog, Hamamatsu strain, Japan (AB028915); Dog/Tan/94: CDV from dog, Tanzania (U53715); Fox/Tan/94 = CDV from bat-eared fox, Tanzania (U53714); Lion/Tan/94 = CDV from lion, Tanzania (U53712); and LP/Tan/01 = CDV from African wild dog, Tanzania (this study).

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