Emerging Infectious Disease ISSN: 1080-6059

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Highly Endemic, Waterborne Toxoplasmosis in North Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil

Lílian Maria Garcia Bahia-Oliveira*, Jeffrey L. Jones†

, Juliana Azevedo-Silva*, Cristiane C.F. Alves*, Fernando Oréfice‡, and David G. Addiss†

Author affiliations: *Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; †Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta , Georgia, USA; ‡Escola de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil

Main Article

Table 1

Univariate results showing Toxoplasma gondii seropositivity for statistically significant characteristics^a

Characteristic	No. persons	% seropositive	Odds ratio	95% CI^c
Age (yr)
0–9	189	39.7	Ref.^b
10–14	585	45.5	1.3	0.9 to 1.8
15-19	256	63.7	2.7	1.8 to 4.0
20-29	161	70.8	3.7	2.3 to 5.9
30-39	91	83.5	7.7	4.0 to 15.2
40-49	89	83.2	7.5	3.9 to 14.8
50+	65	83.1	7.5	3.5 to 16.2
Socioeconomic population
Lower	316	84.8	Ref.
Middle	819	61.4	0.3	0.2 to 0.4
Upper	301	16.9	0.04	0.02 to 0.06
Location
Urban	1040	49.9	Ref.
Suburban	251	79.7	3.9	2.8 to 5.6
Rural	145	71.0	2.5	1.7 to 3.7
Regions 2-4	597	73.2	Ref.
Region 1	839	45.9	0.3	0.2 to 0.4
Well water in house
No	1159	54.0	Ref
Yes	277	70.8	2.1	1.6 to 2.7
Unfiltered water in house
No	1050	50.1	Ref.
Yes	386	74.4	2.8	2.2 to 3.6
Spring water in house
No	874	65.6	Ref.
Yes	562	44.3	0.4	0.3 to 0.5
Drink at least some unfiltered water
No	907	48.0	Ref.
Yes	529	73.2	3.0	2.4 to 3.7
Drink at least some beverages made with unfiltered water
No	968	49.5	Ref.
Yes	468	73.3	2.8	2.2 to 3.5
Drink water directly from lakes, rivers or streams
No	1160	55.2	Ref.
Yes	276	65.9	1.6	1.2 to 2.1
Drink water directly from faucet
No	699	46.2	Ref.
Yes	737	67.7	2.4	2.0 to 3.0
Drank beverages made with well water in the past 12 months
No	1173	54.7	Ref.
Yes	263	68.4	1.8	1.4 to 2.4
Food Exposure:
Ate undercooked meat in past 12 months
No	877	59.9	Ref.
Yes	559	53.1	0.8	0.6 to 0.9
Ate kibbeh the past 12 months
No	1181	59.8	Ref.
Yes	255	45.5	0.6	0.4 to 0.7
Ate unpasteurized butter in past 12 months
No	983	54.5	Ref.
Yes	453	63.1	1.4	1.1 to 1.8
Owned cat in past 12 months
No	942	52.0	Ref.
Yes	494	67.2	1.9	1.5 to 2.4
Ate food at home entertainment shows in the past 12 months
No	923	62.6	Ref.
Yes	513	47.6	0.5	0.4 to 0.7
Ate at least some of the time in restaurants in the past 12 months
No	517	73.5	Ref.
Yes	919	48.1	0.3	0.3 to 0.4