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Volume 9, Number 1—January 2003

Research

Highly Endemic, Waterborne Toxoplasmosis in North Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil

Lílian Maria Garcia Bahia-Oliveira*, Jeffrey L. Jones†Comments to Author , Juliana Azevedo-Silva*, Cristiane C.F. Alves*, Fernando Oréfice‡, and David G. Addiss†
Author affiliations: *Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; †Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta , Georgia, USA; ‡Escola de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil

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Table 3

Risk for T. gondii seropositivity shown as odds ratios estimated with backward elimination logistic regression for each of the three socioeconomic populationsa
Wald confidence limits
Variable Odds ratio Lower Upper p value
Lower socioeconomic group
Age (yrs)
0–9 Ref.
15–19 4.31 1.15 16.13 0.300
20–29 9.78 2.10 45.46 0.036
30–39 10.02 2.13 47.20 0.036
40–49 5.83 1.60 21.28 0.076
50+ 11.95 2.47 57.86 0.021
Location
Urban Ref.
Rural 0.27 0.10 0.69 0.007b
Other factors (ref. is absence of factor)
Unfiltered water 3.04 1.34 6.93 0.008b
Undercooked beef 2.89 1.05 7.96 0.040
Ate in restaurants 0.40 0.19 0.83 0.014b
Living in region 1 0.31 0.12 0.78 0.013b
Middle socioeconomic group
Age (yrs)
0–9 Ref.
15–19 1.56 1.07 2.26 0.019
20–29 2.06 1.24 3.40 0.005b
30-39 4.70 2.10 10.50 <0.001c
40-49 4.62 2.03 10.50 <0.001b
50+ 4.62 1.81 11.79 0.001b
Other factors (ref. is absence of factor)
Female 0.74 0.54 1.01 0.061
Unfiltered water 1.67 1.22 2.30 0.002b
Lake river or stream water 1.80 1.17 2.76 0.008b
Kibbeh 0.64 0.44 0.95 0.026
Ice cream (in pop-up bags) 1.38 1.00 1.92 0.051
Attend home shows 0.72 0.52 0.98 0.037
Living in region 1 0.74 0.54 1.00 0.052
Lower socioeconomic group
Age (yrs)
0–9 Ref.
40–49 18.24 4.36 76.30 <0.001b
50+ 12.42 1.93 79.89 0.008b
Other factors (ref. is absence of factor)
Female 0.50 0.26 0.99 0.046
Living in region 1 0.05 0.01 0.49 0.011b

aAll variables remaining in the model are shown.

bStatistically significant (p<0.01, rounded) factors.

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